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LIBRARY OF CONGRESS, 

Chap,.: Copyright No. 

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UNITED STATES OF AMERICA. 





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TENNESSEE CENTENNIAL POEM, 



.A SYNOPSIS OF. 



The History of Tennessee 



From its Earliest Settlement on WATAUGA to the present time, witli siiort 
Biographies of her Most Prominent Men. 



BY X 

MARY A. A FRY. 



CHATTANOOGA, TENNESSEE. 
JUNE I, i8g6. 






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Published by the Author. 



'i<\^C\^yf-;| 



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Entered according to Act of Congress, in the year i8g6, by 

MARY A. A. FRY. 
In the office of the Librarian of Congress, at Washington. 



TO 

REV. JAMES PARK, D.D.. 

of knoxville, tennessee, the 15el0ved pastor and teacher 

of my youth, is this poem dedicated. an honored 

son, bearing the name of an honored 

father, who was one of the 

pioneers of knoxville. 

—The Author. 



'^^ If perhaps these rhymes of mine should not sound well in stranger's cars, 
They have only to bethink them that it haiypens so with theirs ; 
For so long as words, like mortals, call a fatherland their own. 
They will he most highly valued where they are beat and longest known.'' 

— Longfellow. 



TKNNESSEE. 



CHAPTER I. 



1769-1783. 

iFirst settlement on "Watauga — Form of Government Washinsjton District — 
Treaty with the Indians. Beginning of the Revolution — Annexed to North 
Carolina — Indian invasion — Washington County established — Tories — Settle- 
ment of Cumberland — Battle of King's Mountain — Cornwallis's retreat — Close 
of the War — Independence. 

•Glory to the Lord of Hosts from whom all glories be, 
For blessings on this goodly land, this land of Tennessee! 
One hundred years have come and gone since she was permitted 
To place her star on Freedom's banner and be admitted 
Into tiie United States, a Sovereign with her rights. 
Buried treasures, resources, possessions, hopes, delights. 
A quarter century ere this, a band of pioneers 
Planted the germ of civil life, watered with blood and tears. 
On the banks of the Watauga ; this first settlement 
Was the cradle of the State, where its infancy was spent. 
'Tis true Fort Loudon had been built, besieged, and destroyed, 
The inhabitants massacred, and their bones employed 
To build a fence, showing the ghastly boundary line 
Of the Indians, a savage and expressive sign. 
Hunters and trappers had made an occasional raid, 
But so far no permanent settlement had been made. 
First to bring his family was Captain William Bean 
Who built his cabin on Boone's creek, for there he had seen 
Abundant game when hunting with Findlay, Smith, and Boone. 
Next Carter, Bledsoe, the Seviers, Shelby, and Robertson. 
Then came the Regulators, fled from the old North State, 
;Some to escape punishment, and others more sedate. 



6 TENNESSEE CENTENNIAL POEM. 

To resist the tyranny of unjust taxation. 

Both Tories and Patriots sought out this location. 

About this time a colony settled Carter's Valley, 

Another moved to Nollichucky and began to rally. 

Here these settlers lived without protection, and because 

They believed they were in Virginia, adopted her laws. 

In convention assembled thirteen commissioners were elected, 

Who formed the written compact by which they were protected. 

From these five were made a court which, under a locust tree. 

Settled all things of import, and made them all agree 

To take the oath of fidelity to the common cause 

Of liberty in opposition to the English laws. 

At first the Nollichucky settlers did not wish to sign 

The "Articles of Association" and be put in line 

With the Americans in their struggle to be free; 

But the Watauga people forced them to sign for liberty! 

These settlements were called for Virginia's favorite son, 

First namesake recorded ''The District of Washington." 

About this time our settlers were thrown into confusion. 

A boundary line was drawn which dispelled the illusion 

As to their allegiance to Virginia, their mother. 

Their settlements were found within the bounds of another, 

Who slowly and grudgingly extended them protection 

While they treated with tiie Indians, who threatened ejection. 

James Robertson and John Boone were chosen to make a lease- 

For eight years, paying merchandise to the Cherokees. 

It is generally believed, though it is an error. 

That East Tennessee swarmed with Indians, a terror 

To the white people when they first settled the place, 

But very few ever dwelt here as we know the race. 

At this time it was the hunting-ground of the six nations,. 

The Eden of the Red man for past generations. 

The cause of pacific demeanor manifested 

To our settlers, who dwelt for three years unmolested^ 

Was the signal defeat of the Cherokee Nation, 

Who had crossed the Alleghanies, so says tradition,. 

And settled upon the Little Tennessee river, 

Whose near neighbors, the Creeks, agreed to deliver 



TENNESSEE CENTENNIAL POEM. 

The Shawnees wlien iu battle, their common enemy ; 
But they secretly joined them, and their base treachery 
Became known to the Cherokees while celebrating 
A national festival, when suddenly invading 
The unsuspecting Creeks, cut them off, were victorious, 
And in a general war their exploits were glorious. 
Their frequent successes caused them to be arrogant. 
But the inoffensive Chickasaws made them suppliant 
When they attempted to invade their territory: 
In a terrible conflict lost their former glory, 
Were defeated and withdrew to their own villages, 
And this is why our settlers were free from pillages. 



Daniel Boone now attempted to move into Kentucky, 

But was attacked by Indians and thought himself lucky 

To escape with his family to the nearest settlements. 

Where he remained with a party of other emigrants 

Till after the battle of Kenhawa, where our men 

Fought with bravery under Shelby throughout the campaign. 

The "Treaty of Sycamore Shoals" was soon concluded, 

Where Oconestota thought the Indians were deluded. 

His celebrated speech to them then was prophetic, 

Though his twelve hundred braves ignored his plea pathetic. 

He foretold their destiny down to the present day. 

Exhorted them to run all risks nor cede their lands away. 

His counsels were disregarded, the cession was made, 

Henderson purchased the lauds and a deed was conveyed. 



Affairs in the colonies had become exciting ; 

At last they come to blows, and at Lexington were fighting. 

The war for Independence was now fairly begun 

Under the command of the immortal Washington. 

The Watauga people, willing to share the expense. 

And scarce five hundred strong, to fight in the defense 

Of the United Colonies, sent their petition, 

A document of interest, showing their condition, 



8 TENNESSEE CENTENNIAL POEM. 

To North Carolina, desiriuj^; annexation, 

Whetlier as county, district, or other division. 

Therefore Washington District, Watauga settlement, 

Was advised by the Council, which was omnipotent. 

To send their representatives to Congress, who were 

Charles Robertson, John Carter, John Hale, and John Sevier. 



Meanwhile the British agents incited the savage tribes. 

By promises of clothing, plunder, and other bribes. 

To take the arms they furnished, and to exterminate 

The Watauga settlers they could not subjugate. 

This cruel invasion was rendered less destructive 

By the humanity of one who was productive 

Of great good to these settlers on several occasions. 

Who now made known to them the plan of their invasions. 

When Mrs. Bean was captured and was condemned to die. 

She was pardoned and restored to friends by this ally. 

Whoever tells our story, historian or bard, 

Give praise to the "pretty woman," the squaw Nancy Ward! 

Proceeding at once to adopt defensive measures. 

They took their wives and children, the pioneer treasures, 

Into forts and stations, where they could be protected. 

Forts Heaton and Watauga, the strongest erected. 

The soldiers in Fort Heaton marched out and met the foe, 

Completely routing them and wounding Dragging-C/anoe, 

While those in the Watauga fort prepared for the surprise 

Of the Indians' attack next morning at sunrise. 

Forty men under command of Sevier and Robertson 

Fought Old Abraham's three hundred, and victory was won. 

These pioneers were thus bound in common sympathy 

To unite in resisting the British tyranny. 

After building their cabins, their forts, mills, and palisade. 

They built a house to worship the God to whom they prayed. 

Their first Christian minister, himself a pioneer. 

Was Rev. Charles Cummings, a Scotch-Irishman without fear. 

From the time of these attacks whenever he went to church 

He would shoulder his ritle and put on his shot-pouch ; 



TENNESSEE CENTENNIAL POEM. 

Likewise his congregation went prepared for affray. 
The savages had taught them to watch as well as pray. 
Joint forces of the whites, in return for being annoyed, 
Burnt the Indian towns, and their harvests were destroyed. 
For a time they were cowed and the settlements at length 
Had a time of rest and peace in which to gather strength. 

The Assembly of North Carolina met and defined 

Washington District a county, its boundary assigned 

To be the whole of the present State of Tennessee, 

From the Virginia line to the Mississippi. 

John Carter was appointed colonel of the county. 

Who gave his militia the land they wished for bounty ; 

Under whose protection the settlements were extended, 

And from incursions of Indians were defended. 

Hitherto pack-horses moved their families and goods . 

Along the trading paths blazed by hunters through the woods. 

Now a wagon road was opened and cleared after much work 

From Washington county to the county of Burke. 

Another source of annoyance was now presented : 

Tories trom all quarters on the frontier augmented. 

Committing depredations and defying restraint. 

Until their behavior was the cause of great complaint. 

Committees were appointed to inflict punishment, 

With unlimited power — death, fine, or banishment. 

In less than two months they were in a safe condition, 

Tories dispersed, or were in a state of submission. 

To those pioneers who fought for freedom and glory, 

It was justly esteemed a crime to be a Tory. 

Amid such scenes of disorder and mad violence 

The Christian ministry shed its benign influence. 

Rev. Tidence Lane of the " Baptist faith and order " 

Built a house of worship within the county's border, 

W^hile Rev. Samuel Doak, with his impressive manner. 

Won many souls under the Presbyterian banner. 

To counteract the intrio-ues of the British legation 
And the Tories living with the Cherokee nation. 



10 TENNESSEE CENTENNIAL TOEM. 

Governor Caswell appointed a Snperintendent 
Of Indian Aifairs, a man brave and independent, 
AVho had saved the colony on several occasions 
From the horror and bloodshed of Indian invasions. 
Captain Robertson was chosen for this position, 
For he could carry a Talk, and give the rendition. 
Governor Caswell sent a Talk of conciliation 
To the Raven of Chota, the chief of the nation. 
Bat the olive branch was to them extended in vain ; 
The hostile Chickamangas would go to war again. 
This tribe dwelt on both sides of the river Tennessee, 
Below Chickamauga creek near the cave Te-calla-see, 
Known as the Nickajack, the dark and gloomy retreat, 
Where the banditti of the " Narrows " retired to secrete 
The spoils and the victims of their cruelty and guilt. 
In this dismal cavern it is said much blood was spilt. 

North Carolina and Virginia determined to destroy 
The towns of these marauders, who did so mnch annoy. 
They sent Shelby and Montgomery with five hundred men, 
Whose expedition was successful in one campaign. 

Jonesboro, the first town in the State, was now surveyed. 
And seat of justice of Washington county was made ; 
A new county laid otf and officers elected, 
And for this the name of Sullivan was selected. 

Ten years had now elapsed since our hardy pioneers 

Settled Washington District, when a few volunteers 

Crossed the Cumberland mountains searching for the rich lands; 

They pitched theirtentsandplanted corn where Nashville nowstands. 

After their crop was made, three of their number remained 

To take care of the cornfields and the stock they had gained. 

While the balance returned for their families and friends 

James Robertson built their cabins, forts, and all that tends 

To make a settlement secure exposed to the raids 

Of British and Indians, of all tribes and all grades. 



TENNESSEE CENTENNIAL POEM. 11 

Meanwhile several boats laden with emigrants and stores 

Left the Holston river for the more perilous shores 

Of the Tennessee, Ohio, and the Cumberland, 

This fleet extraordinary was under command 

Of Colonel John Donelson, who has left for our view 

A journal of the voyage of his pioneer crew. 

Exposed in midwinter to both smallpox ravages 

And the barbarous attacks of the fierce savages, 

The distance traversed, their dangers, and their bereavement, 

This emigration is marked their greatest achievement. 

Their circuitous wanderings and perils all past, 

They arrived at the Cumberland settlement at last. 

Colonel Richard Henderson, the famed treaty-maker, 

Sold them lands, laid them oif, and was their entry-taker. 

Their position was one of hardship, danger, and toil ; 

The winter had been severe, food was scarce, though the soil 

Was very fertile, and with proper cultivation 

Would soon return them luxuriant vegetation. 

They were three hundred miles from the Holston settlement 

And double that distance from the seat of government. 

Whose energies were bent in the struggle to be free 

And had no time to look after a new colony. 

Dr. AV'alker, the commissioner from Virginia 

To survey her dividing line from North Carolina, 

Arrived at the Bluff, 'twas his third expedition, 

In Seventeen hundred forty-eight; he traced the position 

Of the mountain range Wasioto, and gave it the name 

Cumberland, likewise the gap and river the same; 

All in honor of P^ngland's prime minister we see, 

Though the river was called by the Indians Shawnee. 



We will leave the Cumberland settlement and return 
To the Eastern counties, who were trying to discern 
How they could best divide their forces for the defense 
Of wives and children, and their country's independence. 
British posts were established all through the Southern States, 
W^hen our settlers were requested to assist General Gates, 



12 TENNESSEE CENTENNIAL POEM. 

Sevier and Shelby gathered their forces ia great haste ; 

They were very far away and had no time to waste. 

Haply for our heroes, their assistance came too late, 

The battle had been fought and our troops had met ill-fate. 

At this time deep gloom hung o'er the American cause, 

Losing Savannah and Charleston brought them to a pause. 

Again at Camden a second army was defeated ; 

The troops were ill-fed and clad, the treasury depleted. 

Those whose time of service had expired were acquitted, 

Want of means for the war was openly admitted. 

These defeats seem to have brought the struggle to a close. 

Estates were sequestered and death denounced against those 

Found in arms against the King who had taken protection. 

The lives and property of the Whigs were in subjection 

To a military despotism, but our men. 

Fearing them not, gave them trouble every now and again. 

Patrick Ferguson, a colonel in the King's service, 

Though a brave Scotch officer, showed himself a novice 

In sending to Sevier by a prisoner a letter, 

Threatening that he and other officials " had better 

Stay at home and cease annoying the King's army, or he 

Would cross the mountain, burn and devastate their country, 

Refugee Whigs, from Carolina and Georgia, had come 

To Watauga and Nollichucky as to their home. 

The cabin doors were thrown open, and they were assured 

Of kindness and sympathy with the ills they endured. 

Among them came Samuel Phillips, the prisoner paroled. 

Who brought the threatening message I have already told. 

When Shelby received it, he rode sixty miles to see 

Sevier, and arrange what their plan of defense should be. 

They determined to raise all the riflemen they could. 

Surprise Ferguson in his camp and show him what good 

It did to threaten to hang the leaders of such men, 

Who were not afraid to '' beard the lion in his den." 

A summons was sent to the men througliout the border 

To meet at Sycamore Shoals on Watauga in order 

"To raise enough men for the projected enterprise, 

And leave a force behind to protect their homes likewise. 



TENNESSEE CENTENNIAL POEM. 13^ 

They all wished to go on this new expedition, 

So they had to be drafted to see what position 

They were to assume, and the drafted men were assigned 

To man the forts and stations and protect those left behind. 

Many volunteers had no horses or equipments, 

But were supplied with both by John Sevier's indorsement. 

Every settler had spent his last dollar for his land, 

And this money was now in the entry-taker's hand, 

Who, when informed of their inijwverished condition. 

Gave it up to buy equipments and ammunition. 

Shelby and Sevier pledged themselves to see it repaid. 

The State Treasurer's receipt shows that payment was made, 

Shelby sent to Vii'ginia for Colonel Campbell's aid ; 

At first he refused, but a second request was made. 

He now brought his whole force of four hundred mounted men 

To co-operate with our heroes in this campaign. 

Shelby and Sevier had two hundred and forty each. 

And Colonel McDowell the refugee Whigs in reach. 

At the camp on Watauga, under that locust tree, 

Assembled the whole force of what is now Tennessee. 

Old men came to counsel, encourage, and stimulate 

The youthful soldier to be brave and win laureate. 

The wives and sisters, with sighs suppressed, bade them farewell,. 

While with pride for gallant sons their mothers' bosoms swelled. 

Methinks I see this brave army, clad in their homespun. 

With hunting-shirt and rifie bright each gallant horseman. 

Colonel Campbell, stern and dignified, taking command; 

Next McDowell, an exile from his own native land ; 

Then Shelby, very determined, taciturn, and grave ; 

Now Sevier, impulsive, vivacious, and brave. 

Before they left camp they looked to God for his blessing. 

For all of them would not return, some would be missing; 

Then on they marched o'er mountain, valley, and river. 

They were determined to conquer and to deliver 

Their suffering country from the British oppressor, 

And wait not to be attacked, but be the aggressor. 

At the foot of the mountain, in the midst of their hurry. 

They met Colonels Cleveland of Wilkes and Winston of Surrey,. 



14 TENNESSEE CENTENNIAL POEM. 

Who, with tliree hniulrocl of North Carolina militia, 

Joined our heroes heart and hand in their dariuo- issue. 

Further on they were joined by three other officials, 

Chronicle, Hanibright, and Williams, who took positions. 

Ferguson had tidings that our Patriots indignant 

Were marching towards him with intentions malignant. 

He exhorted the Tories and Regulars combined 

To fight like men, nor be conquered " by the dregs of mankind.'^ 

He fell back for aid, but our men kept close on his trail, 

Till he reached a cone-shaped hill he dared them to assail. 

Tn Lincoln county, North Carolina, this hill is found, 

Therefore 'tis useless to debate and measure the ground. 

In honor of his Majesty, King's Mountain 'twas called. 

When securely encamped and his officers installed. 

He declared that " God himself could not drive him from it." 

He did not think our volunteers would dare to storm it ; 

But the officers reconnoitered, and the command was made 

To " dismount, tie your horses," which was promptly obeyed. 

" File to the right ! encircle the mountain," now they go. 

'' Face the front, raise the war-whoop ! Advance on the foe !" 

Hark ! What is that I hear up the ravine; who can tell? 

Why those are John Sevier's men, and that's the Rebel yell! 

Now they discover two gaps in the ridge, they enter, 

When down the enemy fires into Shelby's center ! 

Undismayed, they return it with terrible effect. 

Now Campbell ascends the mountain, his men stand erect, 

They pour a deadly fire upon the enemy, when 

A brisk charge from Ferguson's men drive them down again. 

Now the column under Williams, on the other side, 

Advance up the mountain, charge the Regulars, the pride 

■Of Ferguson's army ; they rally, and sad surprise, 

Make a desperate charge, when Major Chronicle dies ! 

From side to side the charge is made, now our columns meet; 

Ferguson is surrounded, his Regulars retreat. 

Sevier holds the center, Shelby and Campbell the crest. 

Ferguson blows his silver whistle, gives his behest 

" Cavalry mount," only to see them fall one by one ! 

Twice the white fiag is raised, but Ferguson cuts it down. 



TENNESSEE CENTENNIAL POEM. 15 

Dupoister begs to surrender. " We are lost, he cries." 

" No ! never! to raw militia," Ferguson replies. 

Now he's wounded, falls, immediately expires! 

Dupoister raises the white Hag, the army retires. 

Now God be praised, the day is ours. Yes, the work is done ! 

Glory to his holy name for this our victory won ! 

This conflict of one hour's length brought a rich reward. 

The prisoners were disarmed and given a double guard. 

Our loss was thirty killed and twice that number wounded. 

The enemy's loss was seven times ours, with prisoners seven hundred. 

Fifteen hundred stand of arms, horses, wagons loaded 

With supplies taken from the Whigs and by Tories hoarded. 

We lost brave Colonel Williams, of the Palmetto State ! 

Three Edmonsons of Virginia met with the same sad fate ! 

They bivouacked on the battle-field, the living and the dead. 

Now " famed eternal camping-ground," though no tents are spread ! 

The spirits of fallen heroes guarded while they slept ; 

They thanked God for their victory, and for their dead they wept ! 

The next morning was the Sabl)ath, and at the dawn of day 

They arose, buried the dead, and solemnly marched away. 

Captains Lenoir and Sevier with the wounded were carried ; 

Robert Sevier died the third day and at Bright's was buried. 

The flints were taken from the locks of the guns, 

And the prisoners required to carry them by turns. 

These victorious troo])s, with their valuable sj)oils, 

Sought safety in Virginia to rest from their toils. 

Campbell and Shelby continued the march, while Sevier 

With his command crossed the mountain to his own frontier. 



Important results followed this terrible defeat, 

Cornwallis abandoned his plan and ordered a retreat. 

(It was on this retreat that Andrew Jackson, when a lad, 

Was arrested by a British officer and bade 

To clean his boots, — the insult he resented, when the knave 

Gave him two cuts with his sword that scarred him to the grave.) 

Mr. Jefferson said, "It was the turn in the tide 

Of success that ended the war and gave us our pride. 



16 TENNESSEE CENTENNIAL POEM. 

Independence," the right to exist as a nation, 

The position demanded by onr deciaration. 

The Assembly of North Carolina at its first session 

After the noted defeat passed a resolution, 

That for the great services to their country rendered 

A sword and pistols to both our heroes be tendered, 

To Shelby and Sevier, a just testimonial, 

Their children revere a souvenir colonial. 

Sevier had just returned with news to the wife and mother 

Of victory in battle and the death of his brother, 

When he was informed of an impending invasion 

Of the Cherokees wrought up by British persuasion. 

It was their policy to attack the western frontier, 

To prevent the return of the hardy pioneer 

To the battle ground, and forcing a second retreat. 

Their policy succeeded, but they met with defeat. 

Without a day's rest Sevier quickly marshaled his men 

And hurried to the field of his Indian campaign. 

At Boyd's creek he met them, a bloody battle ensued, 

They were defeated and into the swamps were pursued. 

The next year the Indians so much annoyed. 

He invaded their country, and their crops he destroyed. 

At this crisis General Green wrote to Colonel Sevier, 

Of the state of affairs, and that his suspicions were, 

That Cornwallis would try to escape by marching back. 

And begged him to prepare for immediate attack. 

He accordingly summoned two hundred mounted men, 

Crossed the mountains and joined General Francis Marion. 

Colonel Shelby sheathed his sword in answer to the call 

To represent his county in the legislative hall. 

Meanwhile Cornwallis surrendered and brought to a close 

The struggle for freedom; the patriots wrested from their foes 

Their independence, for which seven long years they had fought. 

Their liberty they with much blood and treasure had bought. 



CHAPTER II. 



1783-1790. 

District of Morgan established — North Carolina cedes the Western counties to the 
United States — The Counties secede from North Carolina — The State of 
Franklin — Arrest of John Sevier — Trial — Escape — Elected to Congress — 
Cumberland settlement Sufferings — The District of Mero — Andrew Jackson 
comes to Cumberland from North Carolina — Death of Anthony Bledsoe — 
Isaac Shelby moves to Kentucky — Colonel Brown's adventure — Second ces- 
sion of the Western Counties to the United States. 

The Assembly of North Carolina directed 

That Washington and Sullivan counties be erected 

Into the District of Morgan ; also provided 

That a court should be held by a judge who presided 

At Jonesboro. This was done on account of the way 

Being desolate and uninhabited that lay 

Across the mountains from Washington county to Burke. 

Judge Spruce McKay presided first, with John Sevier clerk. 

Waighstill Avery was appointed attorney for the State, 

William Cocke was admitted to practice and debate. 

He was the greatest orator those stirring times produced ; 

Tall and commanding presence, his language flowed profuse. 

He had fought in every battle side by .John Sevier, 

And now in peace, as war, he stood to any man the peer. 

The Assembly during the present session enlarged 

The western boundary, but the act also charged 

That a tract be reserved for Cherokee huutinsr-orouuds, 

And a treaty held with those in Chickamauga towns. 

Joseph Martin was appointed the Indian agent, 

He carried their talks and was the governor's regent. 

The county of Washington was again divided, 

A new county erected, and it was decided 

To name it in honor of General Nathaniel Greene, 

Under whom they had fought, as we have already seen. 



18 TENNESSEE CENTENNIAL POEM. 

Peace brought with it new duties, for war's devastatiou 

Left the country at large in want and desolation. 

Many patriots of their goods and |)ossessious bereft, 

Took their families and their freedom, all they had left, 

And as emigrants from the Middle and Southern States, 

Joined the Holston and Cumberland settlements, whose gates 

Were open to receive them, and they were invited 

To " camp with the neighbors," who were always delighted 

To have them come and share their home, while they with all their heart 

Joined in building their cabins and giving them a start. 

A pair of pigs, a cow and calf, corn and fowls were brought. 

And given to the beginners, kindness all unsought. 

Thus encouraged, they labored hard their fortunes to mend, 

Resolving on themselves and kind heaven to depend. 



While the country hailed the news of peace with joy unsurpassed, 

Government felt itself burdened with debts and harassed 

By public creditors, and for relief it was agreed 

That such of the States as owned vacant lands should now cede 

Them to the United States to pay the common debt. 

North Carolina, therefore, when the legislature met, 

Ceded to Congress all the land that is now Tennessee, 

From the Virginia line to the Mississippi. 

If Congress did not accept in two years, then the act 

Provided that thenceforward it be of no effect. 

Members from the Western counties voted for the act, 

And brought to them the uhws, their first knowledge of the fact, 

AVhich excited violent opposition and rage, 

Being left in a state of " political' orphanage." 

In this dilemma a committee was appointed 

To devise some active plan for affairs so disjointed. 

They recommended that deputies to a convention 

Be elected to meet in Jonesboro and mention 

The time for the meeting, which was August twenty-third. 

They met, organized, and when their grievances were heard. 

Selected a committee of eleven men, good and true, 

To decide and report the best thing for them to do. 



TENNESSEE CENTENNIAL POEM. 19 

After much discussiou they decided to secede 
From North Carolina, and a delegate proceed 
At ouce to Congress to represent the situation, 
And request that body's consent to the formation 
■Of a separate government. This report was received 
And adopted by the convention, who then agreed 
To inform the crowd in the street of their decision, 
AVho unanimously consented to this provision. 
Meanwhile North Carolina repealed the Cession Act, 
But on account of the remote situation the fact 
Did not become known until action had been taken, 
The people were determined and remained unshaken. 



A new convention was called to form a constitution, 
And name the Independent State at its formation. 
John Sevier, however, on the day of the election. 
In an address begged them to decline further action, 
But they still persisted in their determination. 
They met and submitted for the ratification 
Of the legislature chosen the constitution. 
Under which the government should be put in motion. 
"This body met in Jonesboro at the appointed time. 
They were men of ability, but their names will not rhyme. 
The State was first called " Frankland," meaning a land of freemen. 
But changed to " Franklin" in honor of the great statesman. 
John Sevier was chosen governor, the right man for the place ; 
Of Huguenot origin, a frank and fearless race, 
Born in the Shenandoah Valley, where he was reared ; 
A protege of liord Dunsmore, to whom he was endeared. 
He inherited the vivacity of the French nation, 
Was fluent and gallant, and fitted for any station. 
He was devoted to the interests of his section, 
And they did honor to themselves by his election. 
David Campbell was elected judge of superior court, 
The other oflhces filled with men of like import. 
The most important act passed this session had relation 
'To providing salaries and levying taxation. 



20 TENNESSEE CENTENNIAL POEM. 

The currency of the coimtry was flax-linen and tow, 
Woolen and cotton linsey, otter skins, cased or no, 
Beaver, raccoon, and fox skins, bacon, tallow, beeswax. 
These peltries at fixed values, paid the land and poll-tax, 
With whisky, brandy, sugar, tobacco in the collection, 
The whisky must be good, the tobacco bear inspection. 
To insure temperance in those who held positions 
Of public trust, the law specified these conditions : 
That the salaries of all public officers be paid 
In skins absolutely, and in mink skins payments were made. 

An act for the promotion of learning was now passed ; 

Martin Academy was built and it Avas then classed 

The principal seat of education in the west; 

For classical learning and discipline it was best. 

Rev. Samuel Doak was its founder and president. 

It was built on his farm where he had long been resident. 

From the earliest settlement they had the " old field school," 

Where the master, with a stout birch rod enforced the rule. 

And taught the '' three R's — Reading, Riting and Rithmetic"— 

In a little log cabin chinked with mud and stick, 

Where the light came in through a square opening in the wall. 

And a long space between the logs, where they sat one and all 

By turns at a desk, learning to handle the quill pen 

Made by the master, and mended every now and then. 

The large fireplace held nearly half a load of wood. 

Which, despite the open places, kept them warm and good. 

The girls were buxom lassies, the boys were strong and stout,. 

And when they wished a holiday they turned the master out. 

They sat on benches without backs from morn till sundown. 

And some of those very boys became our men of renown. 

An act to establish three new counties was now passed. 
Which shows that our settlements were growing very fast. 
The constitution which had been prepared for the new State,, 
When submitted to the convention caused much debate. 
At last it was rejected by a small majority, 
And the old State constitution became authority. 



TENNESSEE CENTENNIAL POEM. » 21 

.Among its other strange provisions and marked features 
Was that prohibiting lawyers, doctors, and preachers 
From ever becoming members of the legislature. 
This remarkable paper was of such a nature 
As to be printed in pamphlet form to be preserved. 
It contained much wisdom and a better fate deserved ; 
The convention appointed General Cocke to proceed 
With a memorial to Congress showing their need. 
Asking admission into the Union as a State. 
His request was not granted, Franklin was left to her fate. 
The Articles of Confederation did not provide 
For the admission of new States. Congress did not deride 
The State of Franklin, but could not, without assumption 
Of power, receive her till the new constitution. 
The town of Greenville was laid off and became the seat 
Of the legislature and capital of the new State. 
Meanwhile the Cherokees became hostile and complained 
To Congress of encroachments on the lands they retained. 
•Commissioners were sent at once to give them relief; 
They met at Hopewell in treaty, each town sent a chief. 
The boundary, the chief cause which had made them complain, 
Was made to conform with lines of their former domain. 
General Cocke and Judge Campbell were appointed to go 
And petition North Carolina the boon to bestow 
Of separation, and the right to be left alone. 
But the Assembly decided that they should postpone 
:Such action until they were in better condition 
From their numbers and wealth to seek such a position. 
An act granting pardon and oblivion was passed 
To the Western counties, who as revolters were classed. 
On condition that they their allegiance return 
To North Carolina, and their position discern. 
Opposition to the new State began to be seen. 
John Tipton was the leader, ready to vent his spleen 
On any measure or movement favored by John Sevier. 
He Avas honest and fearless, with manners austere. 
With a following sufficient to be elected 
ilSenator from Washington county, and projected 



22 TENNESSEE CENTENNIAL POEM. 

The plan to return to North Carolina and wait 

Until everything was ready to form a new State. 

He and his colleagues were men of influence and weight, 

And their opposition foretold to Franklin ill fate. 

A strange spectacle was now presented to their view — 

Two governments were exercised, the old and the new. 

County courts were held hi the same counties under both. 

Taxes were laid by each government, but they were loath 

To pay either, so decided to pay none at all. 

The adherents of both governments displayed much gall. 

The process of the courts required the sheriffs to go 

Within the bounds of each other, and they would fight so 

It became necessary to appoint strong men and true 

To the office of sheriff, so Messrs. Caldwell and Pugh 

Were selected, Caldwell for Franklin, Pugh for Tipton's court, 

And when each was in session they afforded much sport. 

They would enter the courthouse, seize the papers, and turn 

The justice out of doors, and as soon as they would learn 

Where the papers were hid, they would take them by force 

This caused great confusion, and papers were lost of course. 

To avoid future trouble, when a marriage occurred, 

Two licenses were required, — no one ever demurred. 

A few persons began to turn in the direction 

Of compromise, and others soon caught the infection. 

Colonel Shelby was arbitrator, and they agreed 

To live jointly in harmony, but did not succeed. 

Shelby then urged that Franklin be forced by arms to return 

To her allegiance, which steps Governor Caswell did s])urn. 

Sevier tried to prop his now tottering State, 

But yielded to conditions which portended its fate. 

A fieri facias had issued and been placed in the hands 

Of the North Carolina sheriff, and its demands 

"Were that he seize the estate of Governor Sevier, 

Who was then fighting the Indians on the frontier. 

By virtue thereof he took Sevier's slaves from his farm 

To the house of Colonel Tipton to keep them from harm.. 

Sevier hearing what the sheriff had done in his capacity. 

Resolved to punish the actors for their audacity. 



TENNESSEE CENTENNIAL POEM. 23 

He besieged Tipton's house, but he had rallied his clans, 
And Sevier retired with his forces without his demands. 
His sword bad often been drawn for his country's good, 
But he refused to imbrue his hands in his neighbor's blood. 



At this time of civil discord, a missionary 

Of the Christian religion, sainted Bishop Asbury, 

Appeared at Watauga in peace and benignity, 

Harmonizing the masses with his calm dignity, 

And converting partisans into friends and brothers, 

He labored unceasingly for the good of others. 

Without official power Sevier went as a volunteer, 

And again repelled the Indians from the frontier. 

As soon as he reached home he found tiiat, without reason, 

A warrant was issued against him for high treason. 

As he always forgave others who offended him. 

And his merits had brought him into public esteem. 

He had no suspicion ofthe harbored resentment 

Against him, so lived in innocent contentment. 

He knew not that those who had great services rendered 

Their countrymen and neighbors would be the last tendered 

Forgiveness for faults, and that envy aggravated 

The anger of those who his sins exaggerated, 

Sevier meanwhile all public assemblies attended, 

When one day at court he some officers offended. 

They sought Tipton and gave an account ofthe dispute, 

Who immediately joined them and went in his pursuit. 

This armed force reached Mrs. Brown's where he was at daylight. 

She refused to admit Tipton, so to avoid fight 

Sevier opened the door which brought Colonel Love to view; 

He gave him his hand and said, "I surrender to you." 

On his way he requested Colonel Love that he might 

Be imprisoned in Jonesboro but for one night. 

Colonel Love remonstrated ; said he, " Tipton will place 

A strong guard around you there, meanwhile those in your grace 

Will attempt a rescue, and neighbors' blood will be shed." 

Sevier was reluctant to leave his friends and homestead. 



24 TENNESSEE CENTENNIAL POEM. 

When they reached Jonesboro Tipton had him bound in irons ! 

For shame, that John Sevier be given such environs ! 

He was permitted to send home for money and clothes, 

Was then carried to Morganton without repose. 

As the guard passed through Burke county they met an old friend, 

Who had fought by Sevier's side in battle to defend 

His home and country, and when as an exile did roam 

AVas sheltered and cared for by John Sevier in his home. 

General McDowell, in turn, now comes to his relief. 

Is his surety till the court delivers him from grief. 

The frontier people adored their " Nollichucky Jack," 

They felt themselves outraged and resolved to bring him back. 

Major Evans, Mr. Cozby, Sevier's sons, James and John, 

With a few others followed the way the guard had gone. 

When they approached the town four of them hid near the road, 

While Evans and Cozby dared to mingle with the crowd. 

Evans took Sevier's celebrated race mare and led 

Her to the courthouse door, with the bridle thrown o'er her head. 

Cozby entered the house, and there arraigned at the bar 

Sat his friend, firm and undaunted, as if charging in war ; 

Their eyes met, and he felt that rescue was at hand. 

Tears of gratitude flowed, and he could scarcely command 

Himself when Cozby stepped forward in front of the judge 

And said, "Are you done with this man ?" which caused a great budge 

Sevier caught sight of his mare standing at the door. 

'Mid the confusion he rushed out, and one moment more 

He was safely in the saddle, and borne from the crowd ; 

His comrades followed after, and, with a wild shout aloud 

Of victory, bore him in triumph and closed the rear. 

They had made themselves immortal by rescuing Sevier ! 



These North Carolina patriots now stood around 

In approving silence and saw Sevier make his bound ; 

They connived at the rescue and discouraged pursuit. 

That he was a patriot hero none dared dispute. 

Sevier first bore the brunt when secession came to grief; 

Then Jeff Davis, our immortal Confederate chief ! 



TENNESSEE CENTENNIAL POEM. 25 

His return home was everywhere greeted with applause, 
All delighted to honor their chief of the " lost cause." 
The s"Overnment of Franklin was of four years' duration 
When the Assembly of North Carolina, in mitigation. 
Again extended pardon and oblivion to all those 
Who had taken part in the Franklin revolt as chose 
To avail themselves of its provisions, but debarred 
John Sevier, the hero of King's Mountain (such reward) 
From enjoying any office of honor or trust. 
His countrymen could not spare him, and so they were just 
When they elected him next year to the State senate, 
And petitioned the Assembly, for their hearts were in it, 
To repeal the former act and restore him his right. 
The petition was granted, and much to the delight 
Of his friends, he took his seat and during this session 
AYas made brigadier-general without opposition. 
In like manner he was soon elected to Congress, 
Representing both Cumberland and Holstou progress. 
Likewise his associates, though all styled revolters, 
The best men of their day, the firmest supporters 
Of government, were called to fill offices of trust, 
Which shows that public sentiment is rarely unjust. 



During the past eight years while the Holston settlement 

AVas disturbed by war, and forming a new government. 

The Cumberland settlers, in terror and consternation, 

Lived day by day amid havoc and desolation ! 

The ShaAvnees, incited by the British, took occasion 

To begin a grand exterminating invasion. 

But for their forts and stations, built with uncommon strength. 

They would have succumbed to these renewed attacks at length. 

At first eight stations had been built, but the population. 

Disheartened, left five in a state of desolation. 

Those of the emigrants who had stopped at Red river 

AVere attacked by Indians and compelled to sever. 

Those who escaped death were forced to withdraw to the Bluff, 

And in their journey to this place found troul)le enough. 



26 TENNESSEE CENTENNIAL POEM. 

Brave Captain John Rains, and Colonel Donelson again 

Came to the Bluff, the latter just escaped being slain. 

Time would fail to tell the names of brave men true and good 

Who were massacred by the Indians in cold blood ! 

Every foot of ground where our metropolis is built 

Is holy, consecrated, where heroic blood was spilt ! 

They were forced to till the ground, for their bread was the yield 

So some served as sentinels, while others ploughed the field; 

And when they went to the spring for a drink of water 

A rifleman stood near to protect them from slaughter. 

In the midst of these hardships of danger and woe. 

They found their supply of powder began to run low. 

They had agreed upon a "compact of government," 

But discouraged proposed to break up the settlement. 

Captain Robertson resisted this proposition. 

And offered to return East for their ammunition. 

His proposal was accepted, and with a few picked men 

Kept his promise, and in due time returned home again. 

James Robertson was to them all a father could be, 

As John Sevier was father of East Tennessee. 

The very night he returned he prevented ill-fate. 

The people in the fort forgot to fasten the gate. 

The Indians fifty strong crept up to the stockade, 

The moon was shining brightly, and when a hand was laid 

Upon the chain that held the gate, Robertson awoke, 

Sprang to his feet, yelling "Indians!" every word he spoke. 

Those within awoke and knew what the cry foreboded ; 

They repulsed them, for they slept with their rifles loaded. 



The Revolutionary war was ended at length, 

And additional emigrants gave them renewed strength. 

The Indian hostilities somewhat abated. 

But peaceful relations were not yet consummated. 

They continued to give trouble till Ca[)tain John Rains 

Managed with his force to quell them in three campaigns. 

These pioneers underwent trials and were harassed 

By Indians, in degree and duration unsurpassed 



TENNESSEE CENTENNIAL POEM. 27 

By any people ; the Revolutionary war 

Was a very small matter, iu comparisou thus far. 

The Assembly of North Carolina passed an act, 

Giving to each of her surviving soldiers a trai-t 

Of bounty land according to their office and grade, 

And directed that Middle Tennessee be surveyed 

For this purpose. A vast emigration from that State 

Came soon after, and (»wing to this cause we estimate 

That nine-tenths of the population of this section. 

Our very best citizens, came from that direction. 

Commissioners appointed to lay off bounty land, 

Accompanied by a guard now came to Cumberland. 

Tatum, Bledsoe, and Shelby now began to survey. 

Without trouble from the Indians — the guard kept them away. 

They laid off twenty-five thousand acres on Duck river, 

The deed to which they were authorized to deliver 

To General Nathaniel Greene, which North Carolina gave 

As reward to that officer so gallant and brave. 

They also issued certificates of pre-emption 

To those with rights ; other lands were subject to partition. 

These duties performed, the commission was then dissolved, 

And Isaac Shelby at liberty, at once resolved 

To move to Kentucky, where he afterwards became 

The first governor of the State, and achieved great fame 

In the war of 1812, when, with General Harrison, 

His determined courage then challenged comparison 

AVith those feats of his youth, when, as a volunteer. 

He conquered at King's Mountain along with John Sevier, 

His wife, a Bledsoe daughter, was a woman of rare worth. 

Accomplished and heroic, though of gentle birth. 

His memory is perpetuated by this State, 

In the name of her southwestern county and county seat, 

Shelbyville, of Bedford county. Sevier and llobertson, 

Were honored in like manner for deeds of valor done. 

The Assembly of North Carolina now erected 
The county of Davidson and officers selected. 



:28 TENNESSEE CENTENNIAL POEM. 

A county court was established and courthouse built, 

And soon afterwards a prison for those accused of guilt. 

The town of Nashville was laid off and, like the county, named 

For a general in the army for patriotism famed. 

Davidson Academy was opened and endowed 

With lands for ninety years and taxes disallowed. 

Superior court was opened, and the judge w'as paid 

Fifty pounds for each court, and the payment to be made 

From the treasury of Davidson county. The cost 

To North Carolina was nothing ; she never lost 

Anything on her w'estern counties, but was gaining. 

And in every transaction made them self-sustaining. 

Captain Robertson requested that a selection 

Of three hundred armed men be sent for their protection. 

And that these troops cut and clear a road ten feet wide 

From Nashville to Jonesboro that emigrants might ride. 

Davidson county was divided, the new one called 

For General Jethro Sumner, who was in battle ne'er appalled. 

The counties began again to be greatly distressed. 

And the appeal to the Assembly at last impressed 

Them to send relief, when they knew the troops would be paid 

By the United States, and no charge to their State made. 

'Colonel Anthony Bledsoe had broken up his fort. 

And moved to his brother Isaac's, a place of import. 

To Bledsoe's Lick, where one night after he had retired 

He heard Indians coming, and looking out they fired 

And shot him through the body; he died the next morning. 

The savages were repulsed after this sad warning. 

Esteemed for private virtues, his public services were, 

Civil and military, rendered the whole frontier. 

From the first settlement of Holston to Cumberland, 

No wonder that his loss from their gallant band 

Was mourned by both settlements, and Colonel Robertson 

Tried with policy to gain what treaties had not done. 

The currency of Cumberland was corn, pork, bear meat, 
.Salt, venison — in fact, anything that thoy could eat. 



TENNESSEE CENTENNIAL POEM. 29' 

Such was the rapid increase of the population 

That for the convenience of those whose habitation 

Was remote from Nashville, it was again decided 

That Davidson county a second time be divided. 

The new county thus laid off was at first called Tennessee ; 

It has since formed two — Robertson and Montgomery. 

Colonel Robertson gave notice in the State gazette 

Of North Carolina, that all persons would be met 

With a guard, to escort those who desired to proceed 

From Jonesboro to Nashville. They really had need 

Of a guard, for the road just opened was infested 

With hostile Indians, and they would be molested. 

Among those who were waiting for the guard to report 

Were the new judge, solicitor, and clerk of the court, 

McNairy, Andrew Jackson, and Thomas Searcy, 

Since famed in the annals of the State of Tennessee. 

Now, about sixty families joined the cavalcade. 

Reached Nashville in safety without being delayed. 

Mr. Solicitor Jackson met there John Overton, 

An attorney just arrived, and a friendship begun 

Which lasted through life. They proceeded to make their home 

With Mrs. Douelson, who was glad to have them come. 

Colonel Donelson had been killed by the savages. 

These young men would be protection from their ravages. 

The Assembly laid off the Cumberland settlement 
Into a district called ^Nlero, with a government. 
It was named in honor of Don Estaphau Mero, 
Then Governor of New Orleans, a Spanish hero, 
Who had been their friend and benefactor in the past, 
And continued such intercourse with them to the last. 
The most thrilling adventure of those who emigrated 
To Cumberland was that of Colonel Brown narrated, 
A revolutionary officer on his way 
To take possession of lauds given him for pay. 
Although moving to a wilderness among strangers. 
He was unwilling to be exposed to the dangers 



30 TENNESSEE CENTENNIAL POEM. 

Of a laud route with his family; so decided 

To build a boat ou the Holston, aud have it provided 

With necessaries for the voyage to Cumberland, 

And was careful to fortify it with an oak band. 

His family consisted of a wife, four daugiiters, five sous, 

Negroes, and with them five young men who could hnndleguns. 

Near Nickajack tiiey were captured by a savage horde, 

Who, after robbing the boat, })ut the men to the sword. 

The mother and little children were separated. 

Made slaves to the savages until liberated 

By John Sevier, who soon restored them to each other, 

The account of which is given by the youngest brother. 

His life had been spared that he might be slave to a chief. 

When an old squaw rushed in and said it was her belief 

" That he ought to be killed, for he would soon be a man, 

And would pilot an army there, that would be his plan, 

And have them all cut off," which ]>rophecy was fulfilled 

When Nickajack was attacked and many were killed. 



The Indians continued to attack the stations, 

When General Martin, agent for the six nations. 

Was appealed to for aid ; he complied with their demands. 

The troops assembled at White's fort where Knoxville now stands. 

Colonels Love, Kennedy, and Doherty, with their men, 

Joined General Martin's troops in this campaign. 

They had scarcely returned home from this expedition. 

When three hundred Indians attacked Gillespie's station. 

The few men in the fort made a gallant resistance. 

But were overpowered for want of assistance. 

The women and children were captured, though some were slain, 

But John Sevier pursued them and brought them home again. 

The last town established under North Carolina rules 

Was Rogersville, Hawkins county, famous for good schools. 

'Twas called for Joseph Rogers, the first settler who came ; 

He gave the ground to build the town aud well deserved the name. 



TENNESSEE CENTENNIAL POEM. 31 

The Assembly of North Carolina began to make preparation 

For a separate political organization, 

By again passing an act ceding her western lands 

To the United States to satisfy her demands. 

To the first Cession Act the western counties were loath, 

'Twas now the policy of each, and the interest of both. 

Senators Johnston and Hawkins the deed now conveyed, 

■Congress accepted the deed and the cession was made. 



CHAPTER III. 



1790-1796. 



Territory southwest of the Ohio river — Governor Blount appointed — Treaty of 
Holston — Settling Indian claims — The first newspaper published at Rogers- 
ville — Knoxville settled — Made the seat of government — Attack of John Watts 
and Double-Head — Knoxville defended — John Sevier's Etowah battle and 
Indian campaign — Cumberland settlements attacked — Nickajack expedition — 
Territorialconveniion — Census taken, more than the number re<iuired to form 
a State — Vote taken — Convention assembled — Constitution framed — McMinn 
sent to Philadelphia to ask admission as a State. 

On the twenty-sixth of May, Seventeen Ninety, was passed 

An act for the government of territory classed, 

" Territory southwest of the Ohio river." 

President Washington proceeded to deliver 

The commission of governor and superintendent 

Of Indian affairs to one whose life was resplendent 

As gentleman, soldier, statesman, one who would adorn 

Any position, for he was " to the manner born." 

His courtly bearing, commanding presence, and address 

AVon the affections of the populace, and tiie impress 

Of William Blount of North Carolina long remained 

With the frontier people, whose confidence he had gained. 

He was a brave officer of the Revolution, 

And of the Convention which formed the Constitution 

Of the United States, where Washington detected 

His fitness for the office for which he was selected . 

He resided and established the seat of government 

Where Holston and Watauga forks, the first settlement. 

At the house of William Cobb he was entertained 

P^legantly in style, where for two years he remained. 

In the woods of old Sullivan he first held his court. 

Associated with him were men of good report. 

Judges Campbell and Anderson, who had held positions 

Under the State of Franklin and in the Revolution. 



TENNESSEE CENTENNIAL POEM. 33 

Other officers appointed were those who had served 

Under North Carolina, nor from a duty swerved. 

Richard ^Mitchell, of Hawkins, was private secretary 

To the governor. He was also cotemporary 

With the historian who recorded the annals, 

Events he could not have received from other channels. 

Having commissioned the officers in Washington, 

Governor Blount set out for the counties of Davidson, 

Sumner, and Tennessee, the District of Mero, 

Where he appointed similar offices below 

The grade of brigadier-general ; the president 

Appointed those, a man in each district resident. 

Colonel John Sevier was appointed for Washington, 

And for Mero District Colonel James Robertson. 

He thus made himself familiar with both settlements. 

And could better discharge his duties of government. 

He had instructions from the president to maintain 

Peaceful relations with the Indians, which to e:aiu 

He now sent jNIajor King to the Cherokee nation, 

Asking them to meet him in treaty, which invitation 

Was accepted. He found them disposed to terms of peace — 

The Creek nation and both parties of Cherokees. 

Washington District had thirty thousand population, 

While Mero contained only seven by calculation ; 

The four Southern Indian tribes exceeded 

Twenty thousand warriors. This had been conceded. 

When Governor Blount began his administration, 

Indians belonging to the Cherokee nation 

Lived within his boundary on lands which they still claimed, 

Though they had been granted to settlers, and the tracts named 

By North Carolina and settled under the laws 

And treaties of the State of Franklin, and for this cause 

Indians claimed the land. Treaties did not bind them at all. 

They would cede their lands to-day and to-morrow recall. 

The Chickasaws claimed, also, all the country between 

The Tennessee and Mississippi, but, as we have seen, 

3 tenn 



4-t TENNESSEE CENTENNIAL TOEM. 

Much of their claim was covered by grants from the North State- 
None of it was settled, and it furnished a retreat 
Inaccessible to the whites, where the several tribes 
Met with bad foreigners who incited them with bribes 
To interfere with the American settlements. 

The Choctaws and Creeks, with no claim, were but instruments 
Of the Spaniards, who lived with them while they could agree, 
In their towns on the Great Bend of the Tennessee. 
Some judgment may be formed of the responsible cares 
Governor Blount assumed with his Indian affairs. 
The territory over which he now presided 

Was either claimed for hunting-grounds or where tribes resided. 
The interests and pursuits of the entire frontier 
Produced collision between the whites and Indians near. 
These complaints were carried to Governor Blount for redress ; 
That his duties were arduous, all will now confess. 
On account of existing foreign negotiations 
Governor Blount was restricted to defensive relations. 
Foreign intrigue had succeeded in making trouble. 
Invasion, and strife, which they intended for bubble. 
To reconcile the savages and protect his realm 
Required tact and correspondence always at the helm. 
He was aided in discharge of duties necessary 
By his brother and Hugh Lawson White, secretary. 
Another source of embarrassment had relation 
To the boundaries of Spain, and free navigation 
Of the Mississippi river, which continued ten years. 
The diplomat was baffled by our hardy pioneers. 
This State has since carried in her every constitution 
An article which provides for " equal participation 
In the free navigation of the Mississippi, 
As one of the rights of the people of Tennessee, 
And cannot be conceded to any potentate. 
Prince, power, or persons whatever," even to debate. 



The Indians now attacked the country, far and near. 
And Congress passed an act in defense of the frontier. 



TENNESSEE CENTENNIAL POEM. 35 

'General St. Clair for that purpose made a requisition 
Upon our territory for this expedition. 
They required three hundred and thirty-two men 
At once to be enrolled from the district of Washington. 
Our volunteers for once did not respond cheerfully; 
For they would leave their own homes exposed fearfully. 
Congress had failed thus far to render them assistance, 
And even censured them for offering resistance. 
A draft was resorted to, the call was absolute. 
So those who did not wish to go hired a substitute. 
Major Rhea commanded the battalion organized, 
Whose character for courage they fully realized. ' 

•Captain Jacob Tipton when leaving, called to his wife 
And requested her, if he should chance to lose his life. 
To change his son William's name to Jacob. The sad fate 
Was realized, and the legislature of the State 
Named Tipton county also for the gallant captain 
And for one of our earliest settlers, John Tipton. 



Meantime Governor Blount was directing his attention 

To the subject of procuring peaceful relations 

Between the Cherokeesand his own territory, 

But some mischievous men had circulated the story 

That the purpose for which he had invited each chief 

Was to have them all cut off was their honest belief 

To counteract such reports he sent General Robertson, 

Who was honest and frank and had their confidence won. 

He succeeded in quieting their apprehensions 

And left upon them more favorable impressions. 

The fiovernor selected a point near Colonel White's fort, 

The north bank of the Holston for this treaty or court. 

Where each chief and head warrior was received with attention 

And ceremony according to rank and position. 

The governor appeared in full dress ; he wore his sword 

And military hat, and impressed the savage horde 

W^ith his splendid, charming, official decorum. 

James Armstrong was "arbiter elegantiarum." 



36 TENNESSEE CENTENNIAL POEM. 

The officers, civil and military, stood near, 

Behind them groups of citizens from the frontier. 

The interpreter, in costume, introduced as they came 

Each chief to Armstrong by his aboriginal name, 

Who in turn presented to the governor each sage 

Without reference to rank, but according to age. 

Forty chiefs were presented, while on the river bank 

Were twelve hundred braves, who were according to their rank 

Decorated with eagle feathers, but were unarmed. 

The older chiefs and wise men wore plain dress, but were charmedi 

With the governor's appearance and kind reception ; 

On his every movement they gazed with fixed attention. 

At the conference the speaker stood, while on the ground 

All his colleagues in silence encircled him around. 

Squollecuttah, Kunoskeskie, and Auquotague, 

With Nenetooyah, were willing to sign the treaty ; 

But Chuquilatague seemed sullen, and it was thought 

Signed it unwillingly and would be readily brought 

To disregard its provisions — perpetual peace 

And friendship between the States and the Cherokees. 

On the second of July, Seventeen and Ninety-one, 

Holston treaty was signed and the conference done. 

Indians were to be paid for lands the whites had gained ; 

They did not long keep the peace, but the lauds were retained. 

On the fifth of November, Seventeen and Ninety-one, 

The press was established ; the first ray of light begun 

To be diffused for the improvement and information 

Of the new community which claims the distinction. 

The pioneer printer, publisher, and editor 

Was George lioulstone, long without a competitor. 

Rogersville, Hawkins county, was the place selected. 

Where he could be appreciated and protected. 

With fondness I speak of this good old Scotch-Irish town,. 

Which has given to the State several men of renown. 

It had also sent forth into every community 

Young men and young women who had opportunity 

To attend her male academy and female college ; 

Thus diffusing her light and scattering her knowledge. 



TENNESSEE CENTENNIAL POEM. 37 

She has also gained otherwise reflected glory ; 

Bear with me while I tell, it is not a long story : 

Judge Robert L. Caruthers, the sage of Lebanon, 

AVhen a friendless young man came to this old college town ; 

Was taken by Judge Samuel Powell into his home 

Of " full and plenty " and given a hearty welcome. 

He drew complete inspiration from what he there saw, 

As he sat at Judge Powell's feet and learned " what is law." 



•Governor Blount had chosen for his seat of government, 

A high, well-wooded location 'mid the settlement 

■Of Colonel White, where he held Holston treaty now famed. 

In honor of the secretary of war he named 

The place Knoxville, and Roulstone's paper was also called 

The Knoxville Gazette, for when the governor was installed 

In his new home at Knoxville, the paper was moved there. 

Though the town was not laid oif till February next year. 

Colonel James White was proprietor and directed 

That sixty-four lots be surveyed and buildings erected. 

An ordinance of Governor Blount then provided 

That Hawkins and Greene counties be subdivided 

And from them Knox and Jefferson be surveyed. 

A courthouse was built, and jail with palisade. 

The lot for the barrack extended from Prince street to Gay; 

The building was large and constructed in such a way 

As to make it secure against attacks with small arms, 

Designed with skill to protect them from savage alarms. 

The first piece of ground Colonel White had cleared was the lot 

To build a house of worship, the identical spot 

Where the First Presbyterian church now stands, though old, 

And the gospel has been preached, " The old, old story " told. 

By Rev. James Park, D.D., for more than thirty years past ; 

He will be pastor for life, may he long be the last! 

Rev. Samuel Carrick, the first minister who came, 

Founded the church. The graveyard adjoining the same 

Was also given by Colonel White and contains the dust 

Of Governor Blount and family, and he called " the just," 



38 TENNESSEE CENTENNIAL POEM. 

Together with other prominent men of their day, 
Reminding us that like them we must soon pass away ! 
The adjoining square was given to the next cause forsooth, 
Of importance, the training and instruction of youth. 
The cabin of the governor was near the river ; 
A more suitable residence was built, however, 
Furnished with some taste, into which he was soon removed 
The grounds were well laid oft' and distinctively improved. 



Governor Blount was instructed by the war secretary 

Not to call the militia unless necessary. 

He little knew the dangers to which they were exposed ; 

It was not long before their condition was disclosed. ^ 

The Shawnees begun by sending an invitation 

To the Cherokees to join them, with the declaration 

That all tribes were enemies who refused to assist. 

The deputy resident was sure they would enlist 

Those in the five lower towns, the Creeks and Cherokees, 

And warned the whites to "■ prepare for war in time of peace." 

They began on Colonel Campbell, ploughing in the field; 

His wife hearing their guns, closed the door and stood to shield. 

Her household from their approach. Those women were ready 

For any emergency, and their aim was steady. 

Near Bledsoe's Lick, at Greenfields, and at Zeigler's Station 

They next attacked and attempted extermination. 

Governor Blount called out the militia of Washington, 

And sent orders to Mero, to General Robertson, 

To prepare his district for the threatened invasion. 

Several families made ready for this occasion 

By assembling in the blockhouses inside the stockade. 

They were attacked at midnight, and the repulse they made 

Of so large a body of warriors, by fifteen gun-men. 

At Buchanan's Station, never occurred again. 

The Indians continued their attacks day by day. 

The citizens were incensed, but compelled to obey 

The governor, who restrained them from taking up arms. 

They collected at stations prepared for these alarms. 



TENNESSEE CENTENNIAL POEM. 39 

Governor Blount formed the counties of Knox and Jefferson 

Into a judicial district known as Hamilton. 

Two superior courts were held in Knoxville each year. 

F. A. Ramsey was appointed clerk by the governor ; 

Joseph Hamilton appointed for Jefferson. 

Magistrates were qualified and given commission. 

On the twenty-fourth of September, Seventeen and Ninety-three, 

A force of seven hundred Creeks and three hundred Cherokees, 

Led by John Watts and Double-Head, crossed the Tennessee. 

They marched all night towards Knoxville, but could not agree 

As to the plan of their warfare ; whether they should kill 

The women and children, or only the men's blood spill. 

A short distance from Knoxville they were given a surprise ; 

The United States troops fired a cannon at sunrise. 

They supposed by this their attack was ap})rehended, 

That soldiers were there, and Knoxville would be defended. 

Their plans disconcerted, they attacked Cavet's Station 

With only three men, who agreed to capitulation. 

Provided their lives be spared and they should be exchanged 

For Indian prisoners ; they agreed, and thus arranged. 

Double-Head, the bloodthirsty, murdered them all but one — 

A boy, whom they killed when they reached the Indian town. 

The firing was heard, and they sent to General Sevier, 

At Ish's, across the river, where his soldiers were. 

And to the people of Knoxville, who made preparation 

To face danger and death with heroic consecration. 

They had only forty men old enough to bear arms, 

But the women could load rifles in case of alarms. 

After consultation they decided 'twas best to go 

To a ridge outside the town and strike a deadly blow 

On the advancing enemy, rather than remain 

In town to be attacked and by their tomahawks slain. 

Colonel White, then beyond his prime, led the expedition, 

Leaving two men at home to prepare ammunition. 

Throughout the long night they waited the coming of the foe. 

And were prepared to deal them, at least, one stunning blow. 

As daylight dawned a messenger brought the welcome news 

The Indians had gone; they were frightened by the ruse. 



40 TENNESSEE CENTENNIAL POEM. 

These thirty-eight meu, exposed thus to the ravages 

Of cue thousand of the boldest, fleetest savages, 

Should have their names written, with their deeds, on history's page, 

To be honored by Teunesseeans of every age. 

The attacks on Fort Gillespie and Cavet's Station 

Determined Secretary Smith to give permission 

For the invasion of the Indian settlements. 

The executive of the Federal Government 

Thought it was no longer wise to limit the action 

Of the country to defensive against such faction. 

Sevier's army reinforced numbered seven hundred men. 

They found the Indian towns well supplied with meat and grain. 

He passed through the Cherokee country making short stops, 

Burning their villages and destroying all their crops. 

Pushing forward southeast, their flying forces pursued 

Until they reached Etowah, where a battle ensued. 

They resisted bravely under King Fisher's command. 

Who was one of the most distinguished braves in their band. 

He made a daring sally in the midst of the fight, 

But was slain in the action by Hugh Lawsou White. 

The battle ended, the warriors immediately fled 

When they saw that King Fisher, their champion, was dead ! 

The beautiful town of Rome, Georgia, is near the place 

Where Sevier fought his last battle with this treacherous race. 

Their warriors were expelled the frontier, baffled or slain. 

And their nearest towns destroyed as well as their grain. 

The troops reached home in safety from this expedition. 

Sevier received hi^i first and only compensation 

For military service rendered the government. 

Though for twenty years — since the earliest settlement — 

He had been constantly engaged, and in his campaigns 

Was successful and the victor; his fame still remains 

As bright and unsullied in East Tennessee to-day 

As when he marched home, triumphant in battle array. 

While the troops were absent on the Etowah campaign 

Several persons at Dandridge by Indians were slain. 

W. H. Cunningham, of Boyd's Creek, hearing what they had done, 

Went to Bufi^alo Lick and brou2:ht home his little son 



TENNESSEE CENTENNIAL POEM. 41 

Jesse, whom he carried before him thirty miles at night, 
And escaped iiuhurt with the Indian camps in sight. 
He left the main road, took bypaths, 'twas necessary. 
Little Jesse became our famous missionary. 



These Indians were ubiquitous, never repressed, 

The Cumberland settlements were annoyed and distressed 

By parties in ambuscade ; they could not ride or go 

From one blockhouse to another for this savage foe. 

Among those killed now was Thomas Sharp Spencer, the same 

Who lived in a hollow tree before Robertson came. 

Next they killed a whole family near Knoxville but one, 

Elizabeth Casteel; they thought their work was well done. 

They inflicted six wounds, scalped her, and left her for dead, 

But being discovered they immediately fled. 

With care she was restored and became Mrs. Dunlap, 

And lived many years near the scene of this sad mishap. 

Near Clarksville they killed three sons of Valentine Sevier, 

Likewise women and children all along the frontier. 

At Station Camp Creek they killed Robert Desha's two sons. 

And a few days later wounded General Robertson. 

The troops had been discharged and the savages took occasion 

To surprise all the settlements with an invasion. 

Two Anthony Bledsoes, cousins, were killed, one was lame, 

And Isaac Mayfield, the sixth person of that name. 

I could fill a volume naming these heroic men. 

Who were attacked by Indians, tortured, scalped, and slain ; 

Life ever uncertain, they were sure of but one breath. 

And it was a rare thing to die a natural death ! 

These sav^ages knew what Governor Blount's instructions were. 

And with impunity again harassed the frontier. 

Forbearance had ceased to be a virtue, and patience 

Was only a license ; under such provocations, 

For renewed outrages, the people adopted measures 

That would effectually protect their dearest treasures. 

They resolved to in^ ade their towns with fire and sword. 

And teach an object-lesson to this savage horde. 



42 TENNESSEE CENTENNIAL I'OEM. 

Some concert of action was necessary to effect 

The immediate success of their determined project. 

Colonel INIontgomery brought troops, Captain Miles, Colonel Ford, 

And joined Robertson's Volunteers in his own neighborhood. 

Meantime Major Ore, of Hamilton District, had been sent 

To Mero Distri,ct with troops from the government. 

Which he opportunely brought to protect the frontier 

At the time the other troops were concentrating there. 

Colonel Whitly, of Kentucky, arrived with his force; 

It was said that Andrew Jackson went with them, of course. 

It is true he fought Indians and was resistant, 

But with his every fault he was always consistent. 

His practice was both extensive and laborious ; 

He was State solicitor, and the censorious 

Would have reported him to the administration, 

Which forbade with Indians offensive relations. 

Though others asserted that he planned the attack, 

It is denied by friends that he went to Nickajack. 

Major Ore, with Joseph Brown, led the expedition. 

And thus fulfilled the Indian squaw's premonition, 

"That if they did not kill him then he would soon be grown,. 

Get away, and with an army return and make known 

Their retreat, and have them all cut off." He was wounded. 

But with one hand swam the river and to the bank bounded. 

These marauders supposed their towns were inaccessible. 

And were taking their repose, the irrepressible, 

When our riflemen appeared, dispelled their illusion, 

Killed seventy warriors, and threw them into confusion ; 

Nickajack, and Running Water towns were both destroyed. 

The Indians left these strongholds and no more annoyed. 

Governor Blount reprimanded General Robertson severely. 

But that official intimated pretty clearly 

That another expedition might be expected 

If Indians attacked and they were not protected. 



Meanwhile the inhabitants had so far augmented. 
And numerical evidence having been presented. 



TENNESSEE CENTENNIAL POEM. 43^ 

Governor Blount authorized that they make a selection 

For representatives, so they held an election — 

Two each from Washington, Hawkins, Knox, and Jefferson, 

One from Sullivan, Greene, Tennessee, Sumner, and Davidson. 

They met in Knoxville and proceeded at once to work, 

David Wilson was speaker, and Hopkins Lacy clerk. 

Rev. Samuel Carrick prayed and preached them a sermon. 

For future prosperity this was a good omen. 

They petitioned the governor for speedy redress 

For injuries done by savages who did oppress, 

And recommended that blockhouses be erected 

At stated places, wherein they could be protected. 

From late outrages the Assembly also discerned 

The danger to Cumberland members when they returned ; 

A guard was appointed to convey them safely home. 

And a memorial sent to Congress stating some 

Of their bereavements, and losses of horses and slaves, 

And asked that war be declared against these savage knaves. 

At the next meeting, when they had counted a quorum. 

They adopted for their members "rules of decorum," 

And though a century advanced, I doubt if to-day 

Our representatives are as decorous as they. 

The members from Knox county requested permission 

To join in repelling an Indian incursion ; 

They returned in a week, and a bill was presented 

Establishing Graenville College — no one dissented. 

liev. Hezekiah Balch was its first president. 

He gave the ground to build it where he was resident. 

A bill was passed next day founding another college 

Near Knoxville, for the dissemination of knowledge ; 

In honor of the governor, Blount College 'twas called, 

Kev. Samuel Carrick was the president installed. 

'Twas built on the square given by Colonel White, 'mid the trees^ 

Endowed liberally by its founders with trustees. 

James White, of Davidson, was elected to Congress, 

Who carried a memorial showing the progress 

Of Indian aggressions in the territory — 

Every settler had suffered, it was a sad story ! 



44 TENNESSEE CENTENNIAL POEM. 

A public printer was appointed, tax bill arranged. 

At lengtli, to please settlers, non-residents would have changed, 

But settlers had subdued the wilderness, tilled the soil, 

Defended it, and risked their lives in the midst of toil, 

And their policy of now raising the revenue 

By taxing real estate was no more than their due. 



An act dividing Jefferson county was now passed, 

The new one called Sevier, with Hamilton district classed. 

An act for establishing Knoxville was another. 

Ample provision was made for the wounded brother. 

Martin Academy was changed to Washington College. 

These pioneers began at the top dispensing knowledge. 

Public schools throughout the frontier would have been better. 

As supports to one college teaching belles-lettres. 

Knox county was divided ; they selected the name 

Of Blount for the new one; Blountville was called for the same. 

MaryvilJe was named in honor of Governor Blount's wife. 

The helpmeet and solace, the companion of his life. 

Together the last years of his administration, 

They dispensed hospitality beyond expectation. 

No parvenue display, such as we often see now. 

But genuine politeness, birth only can endow. 

Before the legislature adjourned they asked permission 

To inquire of the people as to their admission 

Into the Union as a State, if they wished or no. 

When the census was taken they decided to go. 

Cumberland counties strongly opposed the admission, 

While the Eastern counties voted for the position. 

Governor Blount thereupon issued a proclamation 

Calling a convention to form a constitution. 

Five members from each county were to be elected 

To assemble in Knoxville on the day directed. 

William Blount was elected president, took the chair, 

Rev, Samuel Carrick led the convention in prayer. 

After voting their j^er diem, they then proceeded. 

By committee, to draft the constitution needed. 



TENNESSEE CENTENNIAL POEM. 45- 

It was adopted, with here aud there an amendment, 

And for thirty-nine years it aiforded contentment. 

The beautiful name given our State in convention 

Was suggested by Andrew Jackson with the intention 

Of dividing the county of the name of Tennessee, 

AVith consent, into Robertson xind Montgomery. 

The president of the convention was instructed 

To keep the constitution till one was inducted 

Into office aud qualified, the secretary. 

Meanwhile a copy was sent the 9th of February 

By Joseph McMinn to the secretary of state. 

He urged Mr. White, the territorial delegate, 

To apply for admission of the State of Tennessee 

Into the Union. He was told to remain and see 

Whether members of Congress of this State's nature 

Could take their seats in the national legislature. 

Our constitution was said by Mr. Jefferson 

To be " the least imperfect aud most republican " 

Of any adopted by the American States. 

The Senate reported adversely and caused debates. 

The House acknowledged the right and privilege, the fact. 

Congress of the United States therefore passed an act 

In June admitting Tennessee into the Union, 

But the senators-elect were refused communion 

Because they had been elected before Tennessee 

Was admitted into the Union as States should be. 



CHAPTER IV. 



1796-1813. 



Tennessee admitted as a State — Seal made— First Legislature meets — Senators and 
Congressmen elected — Senator Blount expelled from the Senate — Sevier, three- 
time Governor — Archibald Eoane, Sevier again for three terms — Biography of 
General Gaines and Admiral Farragut — East Tennessee and Davidson College 
endowed — Camp-meeting first held — Supreme Court created — Wylie Blount 
elected Governor— Capital in Nashville 1812-1815. 

Hail, Tennessee ! the sixteenth State in the Union, hail ! 

Opposition in the Senate was of no avail. 

Thy constitution caused the Federalists to deplore 

Thy admission; all honor to Mr. Livermore, 

The acting president, though criticised, cast the vote 

Which permitted thee to give three presidents of note. 

An admiral, and several generals to the nation. 

Likewise statesmen and jurists of wide reputation ; 

Literary, professional men of every condition, 

From iron founder to a cabinet position. 

John Sevier was elected governor of the State ; 

The two senators, however, were compelled to wait 

Until Governor Sevier called the Assembly to meet. 

When they were re-elected and each allowed a seat. 

Messrs. William Blount and William Cocke in the senate, 

Andrew Jackson in Congress, rare men to begin it. 

The senators were described in a former chapter ; 

Andrew Jackson's appearance, if true, would cause laughter. 

Hildreth's history described him then as a lank and tall. 

Uncouth looking personage, with long locks of hair, all 

Hanging over his face, a queue down his back and tied 

In an eel skin. Gallatin could afford to deride 

The backwoods congressman his deportment and rough dress ; 

He had come from the frontier, but he left his impress. 

46 



TENNESSEE CENTENNIAL POEM. 47 

No friend of his, however, admits this to be true. 

He was tall and spare, genteelly dressed and wore a queue. 

When three weeks in Congress he made his first oration 

In favor of the troops receiving compensation, 

Who were with General Sevier in his ex[)editiou 

Against the Cherokees. Hugh L. White had sent petition 

To Congress, that his services be remunerated, 

Together with all the troops who had participated. 

Congress, as usual, doubted the provocation 

And danger sufficient to justify invasion, 

But Andrew Jackson knew what their sufferings had been — 

Men, women, and children tomahawked and shiin. 

He succeeded in proving the justice of their claim. 

Compensation was made and we often see his name 

In the records only, in the lists of yeas and nays. 

He made no other speech, but at home received great praise. 



The Assembly divided the county Tennessee, 

As agreed, into Robertson and Montgomery. 

The former was named in honor of James Robertson, 

The patriarch of Watauga and of Cund)erland. 

His public services, both civil and military, 

Were unremitting; his private life exemplary. 

Educated in his youth as well as his compeers, 

His Creator endowed him thoroughly, and it appears 

That in spite of his surroundings, he mentally improved, 

Protected his realm, and was by every one })eloved. 

At the time of his death he was government agent 

To the Chickasaw nation, a favorite regent ; 

His memory is held in esteem and veneration 

Throughout the State of Tennessee by this generation. 

The latter was called for Colonel John Montgomery, 

A patriot hero of Nickajack memory. 

He lost his life giving protection to the frontier. 

Tennesseeans should always honor him and revere. 

Clarksville, the county seat, called for General Rogers Clarke, 

Public buildings were erected of distinctive mark. 



48 TENNESSEE CENTENNIAL POEM. 

Wasbiugton, tlie mother county, was divided again, 

The new county was named for two of our public men — 

General Landon Carter and his father, Colonel John. 

The new seat of justice was called Elizabethton, 

In honor of Elizabeth, General Carter's wife. 

Our heroic women shared the dangers and the strife 

With the men on the frontier, and it was just and right 

To honor their memory, for though they did not light 

The Indians unless attacked, they were brave and good, 

They spun the thread, wove the cloth, milked, churned, and 

served the food. 
And when their loved ones went to war, husbands, sous, brothers. 
They were prepared for conflict by wives, sisters, mothers. 
Who bade them God-speed, knowing that some would ne'er return 
To their brave, hungry hearts, that did for freedom yearn. 
Their privations and hardships were but labors of love 
To make homes for their children — they have mansions above. 

Grainger county was laid off aud named for Mary Grainger, 

The wife of Governor Blount; she, too, had shared the dangers 

Of frontier life, and by her ajddress and persuasion 

Induced Indian chiefs to desist from invasion. 

The county seat was established and Rutledge was called 

For George Rutledge, the new brigadier-general, installed 

In accordance with the law by the Assembly passed. 

Governor Sevier wrote the Tennessee senators and asked 

That they have a seal comprehensive and expressive made 

For their State, in Philadelphia, of the best grade. 

The present great seal was made under their direction, 

The emblems used were considered a good selection — 

The cotton plant and sheaf of wheat, as comprehensive, 

The plough to represent agriculture extensive. 

The sail vessel for commerce — there were no steamboats then — 

Sixteen for her number when the roll should be called again. 

The winter of Ninety-six and seven (see papers extant) 
Was coldest ever felt by "oldest inhabitant." 
The river was frozen over, horsemen crossed on ice. 
A Christmas dinner was given near Tellico blockhouse, 



TENNESS EE CENTENNIAL POEM 49 

By Federal officers on the ice; tliey delighted 

A compaay of ladies aud gentlemen invited 

With a barbecue where the ice was found the thickest, 

And two quarters of a bear could be cooked the quickest. 

The thickness of ice was sufficient where they cooked their meat 

To have roasted an ox without breaking by the heat. 

An act was passed by Congress forming the district court 

To be held at Knoxville and Xashville ; they also report 

The State a collector's district, whose office should be 

At Palmyra, which was the only port of entry 

Or delivery of any merchandise or freights 

Not the growth or manufacture of the United States. 

Two companies of United States troops were stationed ^ 

At Knoxville, regularly officered and rationed. 

The reason the secretary of war placed them there, 

Was to keep peace between the Indians and the frontier. 

South of Holstou some settlements had been formed on lauds 

Ceded by the Cherokees in two treaty demands, 

But in Powell's Valley settlers were opening their farms 

Under grants from Xorth Carolina, causing alarms, 

For the Cherokee title was not yet extinguished. 

They were ordered that their claim be at once relinquished. 

Or these United States troops would take effectual course 

Of dispossessing them, and Congress's late act enforce. 

The influence of the authorities of Tennessee 

Prevented any collision with "the powers that be," 

Though the cannon's mouth, "the logic of kings," had been used 

Against patriot soldiers whose blood had been diffused 

For liberty, and establishing the government ; 

They had authority for making their settlement. 

They settled on lands granted by the mother State, 

And their own constitution guaranteed better fate. 

Several writers of note vindicated the State's rights 

Over assumed names (the country was young) to avoid fiohts. 

Colonel Arthur Campbell was the most prominent one ; 

He attributed their misfortunes to where thev beirun. 



50 TENNESSEE CENTENNIAL POEM. 

To the misiiuderstandiug of words in the treaty 

And the narrow policy of the government party. 

Legislative action caused by public sentiment 

Settled the difficulty without dismemberment. 

The first articles of commerce that were transported 

From the South Fork of the Holston to Knoxville is noted. 

Twenty-seventh of February, Ninety-seven, we see 

Two boats, carrying five tons each of flour, salt, and whisky. 

Mail-carriers now appeared, George Roulstoue was postmaster. 

Twice a month was slow; to bring it oftener and faster, 

He'd extend the route and carry the mail once a week 

If subscribers to his paper increased, so to speak. 

Besides this one post, travelers and horsemen not a few 

Carried letters from the old States to settlers in the new. 



According to the provisions of the constitution, 

In August of this year there was held an election ; 

John Sevier was elected governor again, 

And William Charles Cole Claiborne elected congressman. 

The legislators were generally re-elected — 

I wish my muse allowed me to give the names selected. 

Honorable Joseph Anderson received commission 

As senator from Tennessee, to fill the position 

Occasioned by William Blount's ill-advised expulsion, 

A much regretted, federalistic convulsion. 

Senator Blount had written a letter to an agent 

Named Carey, an Indian interpreter and regent, 

Sent to the Creeks and Cherokees by the government, 

In regard to a recent treaty and settlement. 

Requesting him to keep up ''his consequence" with both; 

He referred to a land speculation, but was loath 

To have it made public until it was understood. 

He intended the whole thing to be productive of good 

To his State, and securing congenial neighbors. 

The English, in preference to the French, but his labors 

Were cut short by Carey showing the letter, while drinking, 

To a government officer, with pride, not thinking 



TENNESSEE CENTENNIAL POEM, 51 

"The great wrong to Senator Blount, and harm that would ensue 

By doing what he had been requested not to do. 

The letter was sent to Philadelphia post haste, 

President Adams for once let no time go to waste. 

For in five days Blount was impeached and expelled the senate 

For crimes and misdemeanors before they had looked in it. 

'Twas two years before the trial came off, however ; 

He gave bond, employed counsel, and left there forever. 

The full account of this unfortunate proceeding, 

By General Marcus J. Wright, will be found worth reading. 

William Blount returned home, when eight miles from Knoxville 

Was met by friends with the soldiers, showing their good will ; 

Where, after refreshments, he was conducted to town 

To receive a hearty welcome ; he was not cast down. 

■General White had been elected speaker of the senate ; 

He resigned the seuatorship that his friend might win it. 

William Blount was elected senator and speaker, 

He performed his duties with his accustomed vigor. 

The sergeant-at-arms came to Knoxville to arrest him ; 

The citizens treat him kindly, but divest him 

Of authority and refuse to lend assistance 

To take Senator Blount, but offer resistance. 

They told him that William Blount could not go from Tennessee 

A prisoner, no matter what the circumstances might be. 

The vice-president held that they had not jurisdiction 

Of the case, and failed to sustain the prosecution. 

Vindication was never considered necessary 

In Tennessee, where his life had been exemplary. 

Had he lived longer he would have attained positions 

In the State suitable to his qualifications. 

He died in Eighteen hundred, when only fifty-three, 

Next to Sevier, the most popular man in Tennessee. 



During Governor Sevier's second administration. 
He succeeded in procuring the appro})riatiou 
By Congress of two hundred thousand acres of land, 
North and east of the reservation line, this demand 



52 TENNESSEE CENTENNIAI- POEM. 

To take effect upon the release by Tennessee 

Of all claims to the lauds lying west and south that be. 

This for the use of two colleges ; another was made 

For county academies and schools of common grade. 

Clashing interests soon arose ; the trouble was the fact 

That lands named as the college and academy tracts 

Were one and the same, in wliich had been made provision 

For the rights of pre-emption ; this caused the collision. 

Andrew Jackson was elected senator this term 

With Joseph Anderson. William Charles Cole Claiborne 

Was elected congressman three times in succession. 

Andrew Jackson, however, resigned his position 

That he might pecuniary obligations meet, 

And General Daniel Smith was appointed to his seat. 

Jefferson county was divided, the new one named 

For General William Cocke, for versatility famed. 

He served his State in every way, civil, military, 

Legislative, senatorial, and judiciary. 

When the Creek war broke out, though then sixty-five years of age 

He volunteered, and assumed his warlike equipage. 

He served as United States agent to the Chickasaws, 

Then moved to Mississippi and helped to make her laws. 

Another treaty was held, this time at Tellico ; 

Nothing was gained, Bloody Fellow refused to sell or go. 

Next year General James White, of the district of Hamilton, 

With Governor Sevier obtained the much desired cession 

Of territory claimed, by paying the Cherokees 

The amount demanded, giving temporary peace. 

John Sevier was again elected chief magistrate. 
The third Assembly met in the capital of the State. 
Alexander Outlaw was speaker of the senate, 
William Dickson of the house, with clerks to begin it. 
The governor's message was both manly and dignified, 
The two speakers, as was customary, then replied. 
A new county was now formed from Sumner divided. 
The name of Smith was immediately provided, 



TENNESSEE CENTENNIAL POEM. 53 

In honor of General Daniel Smith, the senator, 

Who had been appointed by Jefferson commissioner 

To rnn dividing State lines, and while engaged in duty 

Was attracted by the fertility and beauty 

•Of the western countries, and so moved to Cumberland, 

And ever since his services had been in demand. 

Another new county was established, and named 

AVilson, for a revolutionary officer famed. 

Another was cut off from the county of Davidson, 

And retained in Mero District, but called Williamson. 

An act establishing four new towns this session was passed, 

Kingston, Franklin, Haysborough, and Dandridge the last. 

The laws of Tennessee required the governor to reside 

In Knoxville ; Governor Sevier officially complied, 

But kept his home in the country near the capital. 

Though a poor man, his heart was generous and liberal ; 

His salary was inadequate, his fortune small. 

His public services had not been requited at all. 

Unable to live as his predecessor had done. 

His very simplicity popularity won. 

His house was always open to his comrades in arms. 

And travelers, in passing, with him were safe from alarms. 

Though a pioneer, he had been a gentleman bred 

In Williamsburg, Old Virginia, the governor's homestead. 

He spent his life blazing the way for what we now see, 

And did more than any other man for Tennessee. 

The courts held in the State of greatest antiquity 

Were the superior courts of law and equity. 

Three judges were elected by the legislature, 

Empowered to decide cases of every nature. 

And their decisions were final. Judge Archibald Roane, 

W^ith Judges Howell Tatum and William Charles Cole Claiborne, 

Were the first three who held this distinguished position. 

Judge Claiborne, however, resigned on his election 

To Congress, and Andrew Jackson served as judge six years. 

-Judge Overton succeeded, and the judicial gown wears. 

Until the court is abolished and the system changed. 

■Circuit courts were substituted, and it was arranged 



54 TENNESSEE CENTENNIAL POEM. 

By the leg-islature a Supreme court to create 

Of errors and appeals, where three judges sat iu state; 

Elected by the Assembly, two judges iu error, 

With a circuit judge, forming a court which was the mirror 

Of wisdom, dignity, law, and equity combined. 

This court was created iu Eighteen hundred and Nine. 

Under the constitution, no one could be governor 

More than three terms iu succession, therefore John Sevier 

liemained in private life two years. Judge Archibald Roane- 

Was elected to succeed him iu Eighteen and One. 

Tennessee, during this era, furnished the nation 

Two professional heroes of wide reputation — 

General Edmund Pendleton Gaines she gave the army, 

And David Glasgow Farragut reared in the navy. 

General Gaines was born in Virginia, and when a lad 

His father moved to Tennessee where lands could be had. 

He settled in Sullivan, when General Blount first came. 

Was a lawyer, and had attained as a soldier some fame. 

General Gaines spent his boyhood days on the plantation. 

He developed his mind with books; his recreation 

Was hunting. 'Tis said he knew an Indian trail at sight,. 

And when quite a boy accompanied Sevier in the fight. 

At eighteen was a lieutenant in East Tennessee, 

Four years in active service against the Cherokees. 

Congressman Claiborne then recommended him to be 

Appointed ensign in Sixth United States Infantry. 

He was made second lieutenant before the year ended. 

And in Eighteen and One he was again recommended 

To the war department and appointed to survey 

From Nashville to Natchez a military roadway. 

President Jeiferson then appointed him collector 

At Mobile, and afterwards post-office inspector. 

He was appointed to arrest Aaron Burr for treason, 

Whose friends ever after disliked him for this reason. 

He rose rapidly in rank, from captain to brigadier ; 

Was ordered to command the forces on the frontier. 

At Christler's field and Fort Erie his praises were heard ; 

Congress gave him a gold medal and thanks for reward. 



TENNESSEE CENTENNIAL POEM. 55 

At the same time New York, Virginia, aud Tennessee 

Each presented him with a sword for his gallantry. 

He commenced his division in the Seminole war, 

And was idolized by his men, as all heroes are. 

He died in New Orleans at seventy-three years of age 

Of yellow fever, iu the beginning of its rage, 

In Eighteen Forty-nine, still exercising command 

Of the Sontheru department. He was a soldier grand, 

Incorruptible, his personal virtues were known 

All over the country where he had traveled and gone. 

He was married three times, aud left a widow to mourn. 

Jeff Davis and William Seward secured a pension 

Of fifty dollars per month; if she had lived later on 

She would have had a much larger or perhaps had none! 

He first married Barbara, daughter of William Blount famed ; 

She \vas reared in Knoxville, where a hill was for her named. 

A monument should have been built to him by this State ; 

He deserved it, and we hope it is not yet too late. 



David Glasgow Farragut, the pride of the nation, 

Was born in Eighteen hundred aud One at Campbell's Station. 

His father, George Farragut, served in the Revolution, 

And after the war in the District of Washington 

As muster-master of militia in East Tennessee 

Until October, Seventeen hundred and Ninety-three. 

He then became sailing-master of an expedition 

To the Bay of Pascagoula ; while in this position 

Little David, in his early years, became inured 

To the hardships and dangers he afterward endured. 

When he was nine years old he was adopted and won 

The love of Commodore Porter, who made him his son. 

He was his father's friend, and took David to W^ashingtou. 

When at school he drew the attention of Paul Hamilton, 

Secretary of the navy, who then promised him 

That at ten years of age he should be made midshipman. 

At the stated time he received the promised warrant. 

And served the Commodore under the Essex pennant. 



56 TENNESSEE CENTENNIAL POEM. 

At twelve years old he had charge of a captured vessel, 

Whose captain, enraged, threatened to give him a missile. 

David ordered him to give up pistol and sword 

Or he would have him at once seized and thrown overboard. 

He took part in a battle, and learned the sliip's rule. 

Then returned after the war and attended his school. 

He sailed the Mediterranean four times in four years, 

Then passed his examination without any fears. 

He commanded the John Adams, Greyhound, and Sea Gull, 

The Ferret and Brandywine, and when seasons were dull 

Attended lectures at Yale, learned the carpenter's trade ; 

Spent two years nursing his wife, who was an invalid. 

After her death he spent two years in Southern waters, 

Then married Miss Loyall, one of Virginia's fair daughters. 

He sailed to Vera Cruz during the Mexican war. 

But the castle had surrendered before he reached there. 

He then compiled a book of navy regulations. 

And established navy yards at various stations. 

He was at Norlolk when symptoms of war appeared there, 

And was notified that his sentiments did not compare 

With those of Southerners, so he moved to Baltimore, 

Then to Hastings-on-the-Hudson, where he stayed a year. 

He was then ordered to command an expedition 

Against New Orleans, and with guns take possession. 

He destroyed the Confederate fleet, the fort surrendered, 

And within a few mouths a commission was tendered 

Of rear-admiral. Then followed the siege of Port Hudson. 

In New York he was giveu a j)ublic reception. 

He joined General Grainger in an attack on Mobile, 

But his health began failing; this he could not conceal. 

In New York he was welcomed and bade ne'er to roam, 

Then given fifty thousand dollars to purchase a home. 

Congress, creating the grade of admiral, assigned 

It once to Farragut, the greatest naval mind. 

He commanded the Franklin, sailed in Europe's blue waters, 

And visited Minorca, his ancestral quarters. 

Next year he went on board a man-of-war, came to shore, 

Saying tearfully, " the deck I shall tread nevermore ! " 



TENNESSEK CENTENNIAL POEM. 57 

He died in Eighteen Seventy — lived sixty-nine years. 

Our grandest naval hero received a> nation's tears ! 

I merely state facts ; his praises have been sweetly sung 

By Oliver Wendell Homes's celebrated tongue. 

In La Fayette Square, Washington city, his statue stands, 

Designed and made by the sculptress, A^innie lieara's fair hands. 

Two years had now passed. Of Governor Archibald Roane 
Very little is recorded and not much is known. 
John Sevier was now eligible and offered again; 
Governor Roane liked the office and prelerred to remain. 
'Twas a personal contest. Governor Roane's only chance 
AVas to cast at Sevier's good name a poisonous lance. 
Others were envious and thought the time propitious 
To join in the attack, and it became malicious. 
Despite their combined efforts he was now elected. 
Three times in succession for governor selected. 

The account of the progress and improvement attained 

By Tennessee would be incomplete if I refrained 

Giving account oi" the (/reat revival which occurred 

At this time, when the Sjjirit came down and all hearts were stirred, 

The people congregated for more than fifty miles; 

Sects united their efforts to destroy Satan's wiles. 

They brought tents and food, and so they originated 

Camp-meetings, which have been since then per[)etuated. 

Tennessee and Kentucky each claim the distinction 

Of holding the first one ; however, the location 

Is immaterial ; they were held near the same time. 

The outpouring was universal in every clime. 

Sinners were converted. Even the scoffers who came 

Were convicted of sin, converted, praised God the same. 

As the inspiration spread the demand became great 

For preachers of ability throughout the State. 

In this demand the Cumberland Church had its first dawn. 

For laymen, possessing proper qualification, 

Were licensed to exhort, and applied for membership 

In the presbytery. They did not wait to equip 



58 TENNESSEE CENTENNIAL POEM. 

Themselves with a theological preparation, 

But preached at ouce, as inspired, to sinners salvation. 

This excited criticism, and doctrinal points, 

As a wedge in the hardy oak, divided the joints 

Of the Presbyterian Church. Five on each side stood, 

All Scotch-Irish, determined, and all true and good. 

The stages by which the Cumberland Churcii then evolved 

From that presbytery requires much space to be solved. 

McGready, the revivalist who put it afloat, 

Made peace with the Synod and remained in the old boat. 

The ministers who preached were William and John McGhee, 

Presbyterians, with Hoge, Rankin and James McGready; 

With these William McKindree, John Sale, and ^Villiam Burke^ 

Benjamin Lakin, these four of the Methodist kirk. 

While Samuel Doak in East Tennessee held dominion, 

Thomas Craighead in the West proclaimed his opinion. 

He was opposed to the revival and excitement, 

Held heterodox views, so his church framed an indictment 

Against him. He was summoned to trial, berated, 

Deposed from the ministry, but was reinstated. 

He established the first church in Middle Tennessee, 

And was President of Davidson Academy, 

Also Davidson College. When through his pilgrimage. 

At seventy-five years, was buried near the Hermitage. 

Samuel Doak, the founder of Salem church and of schools, 

Taught according to the old Presbyterian rules. 

He took a prominent part in the Revolution, 

In convention helped to frame Franklin constitution. 

After an eventful life, he died at eighty-one; 

Truly it may be said of him, " Servant of God, well done ! " 

The Methodist Church had already raised her standard. 

Lambert, Willis, Whittaker and Moore had good work rendered; 

The circuit rider was a faithful missionary. 

Reporting to John Wesley and Bishop Asbury. 



During the last term of Sevier's administration 
The legislature met for convenience at Kingston. 



TENNESSEE CENTENNIAL POEM. 59* 

The ordinary routine was each clay trausactetl, 

Bills were passed with the usual '' Be it euacted." 

Blount, Hawkins, and Greene desired the college position. 

The legislature accepted the proposition 

Of the Blount College trustees, then chartered and endowed 

The new college with the fund to East Tennessee allowed. 

This college was located on ten acres of land, 

In two miles of Knoxville, conveyed by Moses White's hand. 

Six men were appointed to manage and invest 

This fund, James Park and John Overton among the rest. 

Rev. Samuel Carrick for president was retained. 

He was stricken with paralysis, his long rest gained. 

During this year, before the dark days to the college had come 

He was peacefully wafted to his heavenly home. 

His remains were in the graveyard of the First Church laid, 

The church he had founded, where he preached, worship.ed, and prayed ,. 

The pious General White, one of his first elders, died 

And was buried in this churchyard not far from his side. 



Sevier had now served the limit of the constitution. 

Wylie Blount was elected without opposition. 

He was William Blount's brother, and a man of business. 

Governor Sevier was also elected to Congress. 

Louisiana had been purchased by Jefferson, 

Who appointed as governor W\ C. C. Claiborne. 

The Supreme court was created, two judges elected ; 

Hugh L. White and George Campbell were the two selected. 

Judge Campbell accepted a cabinet position 

And John Overton succeeded to his high station. 

Hugh L. White was the son of General White, who founded 

Knoxville, a man of stainless character, well rounded. 

He had been Governor William Blount's private secretary. 

As judge of superior court was exemplary. 

Now judge of the Supreme court he gave shape to the laws : 

His opinions were short, the controversy's whole cause 

Was stated clearly and he decided the question 

Immediately without labored preparation. 



60 TENNESSEE CENTENNIAL POEM. 

He was five years Supreme judge and twice State senator; 

United States district attorney, and commissioner 

For the States under the Forida treaty with Spain. 

Was president of the Bank of Tennessee. Again 

Was three times United States senator, elected 

Unanimously, without offering selected. 

John Overton came from Virginia to Tennessee 

In Seventeen and Eighty-nine, and in Eighteen and Three 

Adjusted the differences as to the rights of the States, 

Tennessee and North Carolina public land debates. 

He succeeded Andrew Jackson as judge of the court, 

And as Supreme judge has given us the first report. 

His opinions were clear without efibrt to adorn. 

And his conclusions show him an " Aristides" born. 

Judge William Wilcox Cooke succeeded Judge Hugh L. White, 

And reported the decisions of justice and right. 

His career was cut short; he died in less than two years. 

And was succeeded by Judge Haywood, a man of affairs. 

Born in Xorth Carolina in Seventeen and Fifty-three, 

And died in Tennesssee at the age of seventy-three. 

He was a staff officer in the Revolution, 

And as attorney-general made reputation. 

He served for twelve years, judge of Supreme court, 

And Chief Justice Henderson, in making his report, 

Said: "He disparaged neither the living nor the dead 

When he named Judge Haywood of the bench and bar the head 

Of any man who had in North Carolina appeared." 

In this way his memory in that State is revered. 

,He resigned the judgeship there in order to defend 

A client charged with forgery, who had been his friend. 

The prejudice engendered at length became so great 

He determined to remove to the "Volunteer State"; 

And settled in Nashville in Eighteen hundred and Three, 

Where he obtained facts for his " History of Tennessee." 

Sevier, Robertson, and Jackson, three prominent men, 

And settlers who were Indian fighters, were living then. 

These things he recorded that posterity might read. 

And with heroic examples follow in their lead. 



TENNESSEE CENTENNIAL POEM. 61 

Those of US who are descended from these pioneers 

Feel an individual interest, and read it in tears. 

He wrote " Haywood's Justice " and " Manual of the Laws " 

Of North Carolina; also reported each cause 

Decided by superior court for seventeen years. 

Added to these purely literary work appears — 

The " Natural and Aboriginal History 

Of Tennessee," and a work shrouded in mystery, 

The " Christian Advocate," nearing to superstition. 

When he died he was engaged in the compilation 

Of the Statute Laws of Tennessee directed by 

The legislature. 'Tis sad that useful men must die! 

Sadder still in his case; like the lawgiver of old 

The place where he is buried cannot to-day be told. 

He sat ten years on the Supreme bench of Tennessee. 

His three volumes of reports are valued as they should be. 

His grandson has given his history anew to the State; 

'Twas out of print, and such a work deserved better fate. 

In Eighteen and Fifteen a third judge Avas elected, 

Ex-Governor Archibald Roane was the one selected. 

He served three years, when he died and was succeeded in kind 

By Judge Thomas Emmerson, who in four years resigned. 



CHAPTER V. 



1813-1819. 

'Tecumseh — The Creek War — The Treaty of Jackson — Major-General Jackson — 
The Battle of New Orleans — General Jackson treats with the Chickasaws — 
Death of John Sevier — Joseph McMinn, Governor — Capital moved to Mur- 
freeshoro — Settlement of "West Tennessee. 

Tecumseh, a great chieftain of the tribe of Shawuees, 

Was a patriot hero, though a disturber of peace; 

Born in the Miami valley, his tribe's ancient seat. 

Of parents who had migrated from Alabama State. 

A natural chief, magnificent in aspect and mien. 

The most distinguished orator among his tribe seen. 

When his favorite hunting-grounds on the Wabash were sold 

He conceived a design at once vindictive and bold. 

And proclaimed the doctrine that no tribe could make cession 

Of lands belonging to all in common possession. 

He spent four years preparing the tribe for general war. 

Constantly in motion traveling near and far ; 

To-day on the Wabash, then Lakes Michigan and Erie, 

Next near the Mississippi, neither worn nor weary. 

Tecumseh had a twin brother, the prophet was called. 

Once he went to the South and left his brother installed. 

Like Moses left Aaron when he ascended the mount. 

He returned in the fall to hear the fearful account, 

How his brother, forsaking his wise admonition, 

Puffed up with the importance of his late position, 

Had rashly attacked General Harrison's army 

With nine hundred warriers whom he had wrought up to frenzy. 

And had met with signal defeat at Tippecanoe. 

Tecumseh's choosen warriors he hoped to lead through 

His own war were killed or dispersed — he had none to assign 

To duty; this defeat would have ended his design. 



TENNESSEE CENTENNIAL POEM. 63 

At least deferred it until he had time to delve 

For other plans, but for the war of Eighteen and Twelve. 

The cause which brought on this war is by every one known. 

Tecumseh joined the British, and it is clearly shown 

That he gained their first success and the capitulation 

Of Hull at Detroit he witnessed with exultation. 

Hoturuing to Alabama he counseled at midnight 

With the Creeks, who agreed to join in the coming fight. 

The Choctaws and Chickasaws, friends now, opposed his plan, 

But William Weatherford, the Red Eagle, led the van 

Of the war party; he was a talented half-breed, 

Eloquent and brave, and such as Tecumseh had need. 

This chief returned northward, his mission he had fulfilled, 

And in the battle of the Thames fighting bravely was killed. 



The people of Alabama built forts for defense. 

Near Mobile Samuel Miins, a planter of consequence, 

Built the largest and there the neighbors congregated. 

Many days had passed, their first terror had abated. 

When suddenly Red Eagle with his army in wait 

Effected an entrance through a partly open gate. 

They massacred the inmates — then followed conflagration. 

The news of which excited horror and indignation! 

At Nashville steps were taken to avenge the awful deed. 

Andrew Jackson was chosen as the proper man to lead. 

He was in bed from a wound he had received 

In his shoulder (his own aifair), but it was believed 

That he could induce more Tennesseeans to enlist 

Than any other man, so, though wounded, they insist. 

A year ago at the head of his State volunteers 

He was ordered to New Orleans — the country had fears 

Of an attack by the British; he took a river route, 

And reaching Natchez was halted, and told to muster out 

Of service his troops at that place, which he did not do. 

But raised supplies for his men who had been good and true. 

He walked all the way back, that his sick soldiers might ride, 

And endured fatigue so well that he received with pride 



04 TENNESSEE CENTENNIAL POEM. 

The nickname of " Old Hickory " he bears to this day. 
No wonder they selected him for leader alway. 
The ladies of East Tennessee sent to these volunteers 
A beautiful banner, on which this device appears : 
Implements of war, cannons, muskets, bayonets, drums, 
Pontoons, swords, battle-axes, on white satin ; then comes 
The wing of the colors of silk, strewn with flying missiles, 
Dove color, ornamented with white fringe and tassels. 
In return General Jackson sent the ladies a flag 
Taken by his men in battle — though he did not brag 
Of the "beautiful needlework or elegant stuff" 
Composing it — that they killed the bearer was enough. 



The Assembly met in Nashville three years in succession, 

From Eighteen Twelve to Fifteen, each year held a session. 

The news of the massacre produced in Tennessee 

Pity for Alabama and fears for her safety. 

AVith one voice they decided that the whole force should go 

And deliver the Southern country from this savage foe. 

General Jackson addressed his troops with imposing cadence, 

Hoping none would be kept at home by "sneaking prudence.'^ 

Governor Blount called for thirty-five hundred volunteers, 

Who responded at once, though some had serious fears 

Of General Jackson's ability to take command ; 

Though too weak to wear an epualette, he went sword in hand. 

He sent Colonel Cof!ee with five hundred volunteers, 

Mounted men to Huntsville, whose presence relieved their fears. 

From Fayetteville he went to Thompson's Creek, built a fort, 

Left men to protect it, while the army should resort 

To means to procure food; the men were much depressed, 

General Jackson's disappointment could not be expressed. 

The supplies he expected sent from East Tennessee 

Were delayed by low water, now near the Cherokees. 

He wrote to the friendly chiefs and agents for supplies, 

To General Cocke, and Judge Hugh L. White, yet no replies. 

To Rev. Gideon Blackburn with the Cherokees 

As missionary near the bend of the Tennessee, 



TENNESSEE CENTENNIAI, POEM. 65 

" There is an enemy," he wrote, '' I dread more than the Creeks, 

I mean the monster Famine, with hollow eyes and cheeks." 

He ate acorns for food and nursed a wounded shoulder, 

Urging the timid to be brave and the brave bolder. 

General Coffee was sent with a force to Tallushatcbes, 

Who gained a victory and brought his own dispatches. 

Colonels Allcorn and Cannon assisted in the strife. 

And not an Indian warrior escaped with his life. 

The women and children were brought to the settlement, 

And were maintained during the war by the government. 

Fort Strother at Ten Islands was built, when came the news, 

Friendly Indians asked help — Jackson could not refuse. 

Their fort at Talladega was surrounded by foes; 

A chief disguised in a hog skin brought news of their woes. 

Jackson forded the Coosa and immediately sped. 

He routed them in battle, but many of them fled. 

Those in Hillabee Towns surrendered and begged for peace ; 

Before their messenger returned their troubles increased. 

General Cocke, ignorant of their peaceful position, 

Attacked them and killed many after their submission. 

They supposed General Jackson had refused them quarter. 

And fought unyieldingly through the war ever after. 

General Cocke was afterwards court-martialed and acquitted, 

He did not know these Indians had thus submitted. 

General Jackson sent Major Lewis home for supplies ; 

They came while he was waiting for the river to rise. 

Meanwhile the troops mutinied and tried to return home, 

Jackson, gun in hand, faced them and forbade them to come. 

These were brave men, but hungry, sick, and dissatisfied, 

They were finally discharged and their places supplied. 

They had really served the time of their enlistment, 

They did not desert, but had a right to retirement. 

Courage in a soldier is the first ingredient, 

Napoleon said it was also expedient 

That he have a " full stomach and a good pair of shoes," 

Then when expected to fight, he would rarely refuse. 

5 tenn 



66 TENNESSEE CENTENNIAL POEM. 

Governor Blount called out twenty-five hundred men, 

And on his own responsibility supplied them again 

With munitions of war, besides placing the amount 

Of three hundred thousand dollars to Jackson's account. 

With this new army reinforced by some i'riendly braves, 

Jackson concludes the Creek war and Alabama saves. 

At Emuckfaw and Enotachopco he held the field, 

Though the Indians unconquered still refused to yield. 

Judge Hugh L. White left the Supreme bench to bring them aid 

From East Tennessee, augmented by Coffee's brigade. 

The entire force of the Creeks collected at the bend 

Of the Tallapoosa river, prepared to defend 

The fortifications they had made; they felt secure. 

Ignorant of the trials they would have to endure. 

This battle of the Horseshoe now ended the war. 

The praises of our soldiers were sounded near and far. 

General Coffee sustained his former reputation, 

David Crockett was revenged for his deprivation, 

Sam Houston covered himself all over with glory, 

'Twas thought he would die, from his wounds many and gory; 

He recovered and was made a lieutenant in the army, 

But he shortly resigned and became an attorney. 

Carroll, Foster, and many other sons of Teunessee 

Distinguished themselves in this war for intrepidity. 

Jackson rested his army on the Creeks' holy ground. 

Where the Coosa river joins the Tallapoosa 'tis found. 

The power of the Creeks was broken, half the warriors were dead, 

Fourteen chiefs surrendered and sued for peace — the rest fled. 

Weatherford came last — his surrender was romantic; 

Their women and children were hungry, with grief were frantic. 

He might have fled to Florida, where friends awaited, 

But chose to protect the helpless and face the hated 

Conqueror of his race, and sacrifice his life to save 

From starvation those whose protectors were now in the grave. 

He started to Fort Jackson, killed a deer as he went. 

Placed it behind him, and rode to the general's tent. 

Jackson accused him of the massacre of Fort Minis, 

He said he was a warrior and not afraid of him. 



TENNESSEE CENTENNIAL POEM. 67 

'That he tried to prevent the massacre, but iu vain, 

And wliile interceding came very near being slain. 

The troops cried out, " Kill him ! For he, the invasion led!" 

Jackson said: "He that kills this brave man would rob the dead." 

He gave the general his deer, and said he desired peace, 

Jackson stated the terms, that the Creeks were to release 

Their title to lands sufficient to have a road go 

From Western Tennessee to the Gulf of Mexico. 

The treaty of Fort Jackson was signed by each chief, 

The government gave the women and children relief, 

And moved them to the North, where they were told to al)ide. 

AVeatherford was a planter, and continued to reside 

In Monroe county, Alabama, twelve years till death, 

Much respected by his neighbors on his native heath. 



General Jackson wrote to Governor Blount, that he might learn 

How the war had ended and the army would return. 

According to custom, he addressed the troops as well. 

Praising them for their bravery and bidding them farewell ! 

Hundreds of citizens met him before he reached town. 

He was feasted at home, abroad, a man of renown. 

General William Henry Harrison had just resigned 

Command of the army ; this position was assigned 

To Andrew Jackson of Tennessee, Old Hickory, 

Whose name ever after indicated victory. 

The legislature of Mississippi gave him a sword. 

The first of many gifts as military reward. 

Major-General Jackson, with his staff and small escort, 

Journeyed to Mobile and New Orleans, the seaport. 

Napoleon had fallen, the Bourbons were restored. 

Peace in Europe, the victorious English were aboard 

For New Orleans ; they had planned to take Mobile Point, 

Jackson anticipated, and knocked that out of joint. 

He followed them to Pensacola and took possession, 

Then wrote to the war secretary for instructions ; 

But it required a whole month to hear from him again. 

So he assumed control and fought the Southern campaign. 



68 TENNESSEE CENTENNIAL POEM. 

General Coffee marched four himdred miles with two thousand men, 

This marching was made possible by the Creek campaign. 

At Mobile he was reinforced ; from there proceeded 

By slow marches to New Orleans, where he was needed. 

General Jackson arrived on the first of December. 

The population of New Orleans, remember, 

Were comparatively strangers to that of other States ; 

Spoke a different language from the soldiers at her gates, 

Who came ta defend her against a foe who had gained 

Victory over Napoleon, now a captive chained. 

W. C. C. Claiborne, of Tennessee, was governor, 

Edward Livingston was General Jackson's interpreter, 

AVho invited him to dine (his wife led society). 

" What shall we do with this wild general from Tennessee," 

W^hispered the ladies; his wife was in consternation. 

He could fight Indians, but his qualification 

For entertaining ladies at a dinner party 

Was doubted. His welcome was genuine and hearty, 

Though they thought for once he would be sadly out of place.. 

But he entered and met them with dignity and grace, 

Conversed in a manner fitting such an occasion. 

The principal topic was the coming invasion ; 

He begged the ladies to give themselves no uneasiness, 

That he was confident of victory and success. 

And they believed him without argument to convince. 

" Is this your backwoodsman? Why, madam, he is a prince !" 

Exclaimed the ladies to their hostess, when he had gone. 

He had captured the women and half the battle won. 

These women during the attack showed their faith well founded ; 

They clothed the ragged soldiers, nursed the sick and wounded. 

And when the cannonade "shook their windows and their souls,'" 

They prayed to God to protect them from the British ghouls. 

General Jackson summoned the resident engineers. 

Who explained the vulnerable points where they had fears 

Of approaches by the enemy ; the quickest way 

Of defending each was agreed upon the first day. 

The bays and bayous were obstructed and a guard placed 

To give warning at once when the enemy menaced. 



TENNESSEE CENTENNIAL POEM. 69 

"The neighboring planters aided in making the breastworks. 

The gunboats in the lake were to warn where the foe lurked. 

Two weeks before the battle there were but two thousand men 

In and around the city to conduct the. campaign. 
•General Coffee with his army, one-tenth sick, was near; 
■General Carroll, with Tennessee troops, all volunteers, 

Sailed the Cumberland, Ohio, and the Mississippi, 

Overtaking a boat-load of muskets, which was lucky. 

Two thousand Kentuckiaus, Generals Thomas and Adair 

Sent word to General Jackson that they would soon be there. 

The British had a force of near twenty thousand men 

Grown gray in victory, and ready to begin again. 

A fleet of fifty ships, carrying a thousand guns or more ; 

This armament to be directed against the poor. 

Ragged, half-starved soldiers who had marched through mire and 

flood, 
'Commanded by a general too ill to taste his food, 

Who had served fourteen months and faced but one civilized foe. 

Tennesseeans of to-day, are you proud of him or no? 

General Jackson placed New Orleans under martial law, 

Which leading men of the city prudently foresaw. 

At length the British landed. Major Villere brought the news. 

General Jackson was determined that they should not choose 

The battle-ground or the time in which to make the fight, 

But with sagacity resolved to fight them that night. 

By this night battle he accomplished all he expected ; 

Kept the foe at a distance, they never detected 

The number of troops under General Jackson's command ; 

This they failed to ascertain though they adroitly planned. 

General Coffee, Major Piere, and Colonel Ross all three 

Distinguished themselves that night, honor to Tennessee! 

But brave Lieutenant Lauderdale, of the Creek campaign, 

An efficient officer, was mourned among the slain ! 
'The next morning the celebrated breastworks were made 
^Of cotton bales, though they would not stand a cannonade. 
*On this busy day, the twenty-fourth of December, 

Peace between England and America remember, 



70 TENNESSEE CENTENNIAL POEM. 

Was made and signed at Ghent, yes, three thousand miles away. 

These foes were friends now, they could have ceased fighting that day, 

But Oersted, Morse, and Cyrus Field had not yet given 

To earth the revelation they received from heaven. 

The British with their heavy guns spoiled the Carolina, 

But the work was accomplished by the Louisiana. 

General Jackson had toiled five weeks making preparation; 

Sick and weary he slept, 'twas a rare recreation. 

He was suddenly aroused and for his Coffee called, 

Not New Orleans Java, but his general installed. 

The British were preparing to make their last attack, 

Jackson's soldiers at their post waited to drive them back. 

lu battle array he placed each division with care. 

General Coffee, General Carroll, and General Adair 

Together he assigned an important position, 

Which they held with rare military intuition. 

Within two hours the British were routed and fled. 

General Lambert surrendered, for Packenhani was dead ! 

This battle of the eighth of January the last. 

Brought Old Hickory's victory, which, for eighty years past,. 

Has made him immortal, not only in Tennessee, 

But throughout Europe, Great Britain, and America. 

The news reached Washington the fourth of February, 

The city was illuminated, as was customary. 

John Sevier and his colleagues were congratulated 

Because Tennessee had England humiliated. 

The troops from Kentucky, Louisiana, and Mississippi 

Fought bravely under Jackson. My theme is Tennessee ! 

After four mouths' absence, he returned home triumphant. 

Citizens met him, and Felex Grundy, the eloquent. 

Addressed him in behalf of the State of Tennessee ; 

Governor Blount presented the sword given by Mississii)pi- 

The ladies of New Orleans had crowned him with laurel. 

The president, through Congress, gave him a gold medal. 

The rest he deserved, after nearly two years' warfare. 

He received at the Hermitage, under his wife's care. 



TENNESSEE CENTENNIAL POEM. 71 

Geueral Coffee, the great soldier, was now promoted. 

This patriot hero, to his couutry loug devoted. 

Was made major-geueral and received the thanks of Congress. 

He soon removed to Alabama, and died near Florence. 



John Sevier, after having ably represented 

The Knoxville District in Congress two terms, consented 

To accept the commission Mr. Monroe tendered, 

Surveyor of territory by the Creeks rendered 

To the United States in the treaty of Jackson. 

He left Knoxville in June, the climate was a tax on 

His constitution, he sickened and died of a fever 

In September, Eighteen and Fifteen. 1 doubt if ever 

Tennessee more sincerely mourned the loss of a son. 

He lived a life of service, and died at seventy-one. 

He was buried by United States troops with honor 

On the east bank of the Tallapoosa river. 

At an Indian village then called Tuckabatchee, 

Near Fort Decatur, Alabama. Tennessee, 

After a lajise of seventy-five years, removed him 

To Knoxville, near his old home, where the people loved him. 

His grave they made in the courthouse yard where, protected, 

A monument by East Tennessee was erected. 

Governor Blount had served three terms, which was his limit. 

Though not so brilliant as his brother, he had merit. 

Without his support General Jackson could not have done 

The great work he did and such brilliant victories won. 

He was thanked by three war secretaries, the president, 

And by the Assembly in his own State resident ; 

Also by General Jackson, who esteemed him as a friend. 

Until Eighteen hundred and Thirty-five, his life's end. 

Five candidates announced themselves as his successor, 

Jesse Wharton, Robert Weakley, Robert C. Foster, 

Joseph McMinn, and Thomas Johnson ; the position 

Was given to Joseph McMinn three times in succession. 

The Assembly met in Knoxville four years from this date. 

Governor McMinn's administration, I must relate. 



72 TENNESSEE CENTENNIAL POEM. 

Was not as successful as his predecessors had been, 

Caused by the fiDancial condition the State was in. 

The history of our banks, which began at this time, 

Is rather elaborate to be put into rhyme. 

Suffice it to say, that under Judge Hugh L. White's care 

Our State banks weathered the storms that wrecked others as fair. 

In Eighteen hundred and Sixteen death released from work 

The rarest executive in the Wesleyau kirk — 

Francis Asbury, the greatest American bishop, 

By whose means was established the Methodist worship 

Throughout America ; he had labored in Tennessee 

Teaching her people to be spiritually free. 

He contracted the power of French infidelity, 

And defended the church by his great ability 

Against the false teachings of the worst sectarians, 

The Universalists and the Unitarians. 

These hav^e failed signally to gain a foothold their own 

In this State where the good seed was well and early sovv'n. 

Besides Calvinists, Methodists, and Baptists there were 

Scattered all through the mountains, preaching here and there, 

A sect, " the salt of the earth," wherever they may be. 

The Primitive Baptists called " Hard Shells," known for honesty. 

Episcopalians and Catholics came later on. 

The Jews, God's chosen people, erected temples anon. 

Another appeared in Eighteen hundred and Thirty-three 

In Virginia, Kentucky, and throughout Tennessee, 

Founded by Alexander Campbell, the Christian kirk; 

Their members have increased, they are doing a good work. 

Journalism in the State now began to expand. 
Extending from the Holston to the Cumberland ; 
Engaging the best talent, men of intuition ; 
Throughout the century they have held their position. 
Governor McMinn began to give some attention 
To internal improvements, river navigation, 
Laying off public roads, settling ferries, building bridges, 
Making travel possible in coaches and stages. 



TENNESSEE CENTENNIAL POEM. 73 

The county of Rutherford was erected and named 

For a general in the Revolutionary war famed, 

Who also engaged in several Indian campaigns, 

Successfully repulsing them with Captain John Rains. 

Murfreesboro, the county seat, was named in honor 

Of Colonel Matthew Murfree, the first settler and donor 

Of lauds for streets and public buildings, no braver soldier 

In the Revolution nor Indian fighter bolder. 

The country was beautiful and abounded with game 

And fish — no wonder the Indians held to their claim. 

Here lived and died the bloody Black Fox chief, the renowned. 

Who, defeated, plunged into a spring and never was found. 

His last brave had been slain, he could not survive defeat. 

The spring still bears his name, 'twas a fathomless retreat. 

The population increased at such a rapid rate 

From Eighteen and Nineteen, the Assembly of the State, 

Owing to the central location, met there seven years. 

The capital moved to Nashville, however, it appears. 

In Eighteen hundred and Twenty-six, by a close vote; 

The Cumberland river carried it — travel was by boat. 



General Jackson was invited to visit Washington ; 

He concluded at length to retain his commission 

After consultation with the secretary of war. 

He was feasted on the way, his fame traveled near and far. 

At New Orleans in early spring he posted his troops, 

Renewed old friendships, the citizens thronged him in groups. 

He journeyed home through the country of the Chickasaws, 

Who still claimed West Tennessee ; so for peace and because 

The settlements were extending that way, it appears 

He gave them ten thousand dollars a year, for ten years, 

For their claim to the land, and for the sake of good will ; 

To the Cherokees the same, they returned to Nashville. 

This was considered a signal service to the State, 

In opening the best land that settlers might emigrate. 

The history of West Tennessee is one of growth ; 

Laying off counties and building towns at once were both 



' ■* TENNESSEE CENTENNIAL POEM. 

Immediately begiiu ; the troubles that attended 

The formation of the State had happily ended. 

Land speculators and surveyors were first to come, 

Tracts were ten dollars an acre and double that sum. 

Hickman, Perry, and Lewis w^ere the first organized ; 

Named for prominent citizens and settlers who were prized 

As Revolutionary soldiers or wars of later date; 

A fighting population settled the entire State. 

Humphreys, PJeuton, Carroll, and Henry come next to our view. 

Humphreys was aid to Washington and a poet, too. 

Benton was a fighter, and General Carroll, renowned 

For bravery at Xew Orleans, a governor just crowned. 

Henry for Patrick Henry, Virginia's fearless son, 

The next for the famous treaty-maker Henderson. 

Hardin for Captain John Hardin, a hero in war, 

McXairy for the great judge of the Xashville bar, 

Gibson county in honor of Colonel Thomas Gibson, 

Who gained distinction in the Creek war under Jackson. 

Haywood for Judge Haywood, our honored historian, 

Supreme court chief justice and of two States censorian. 

Fayette for the French general who came to our relief. 

And Madison for the president, then the nation's chief. 

Dyer for Colonel Henry Dyer, who in battle served 

At New Orleans ; the county seat he also deserved. 

Lake county for Reelfoot lake, made by an earthquake 

In Eighteen hundred and Eleven — a remarkable shake. 

Houston for Sam Houston, when governor of the State. 

Obion, Weakley, and Chester for men who had weight. - 

Lauderdale for he who fell at New Orleans a hero. 

And Crockett for David Crockett, slain at the Alamo ! 



As population increased roads were constructed to go 

From one town to another; improvement was not slow 

Like that of Eastern countries who fought their way through 

Indians, British, the old State, and government too. 

The largest towns were Jackson, Randolph, Brownsville, La Grange, 

Covington, Bolivar, Somerville; it was not strange 



TENNESSEE CENTENNIAL POEM. 75- 

That Jackson was most important, had the largest trade; 

Being ''Old Hickory's" namesake decided its grade. 

He had one hnndred and seventy-one such when he died. 

Next to Washington he was the nation's great pride. 

Here the first newspaper published in West Tennessee ; 

Here the first court was organized, the first academy. 

Jackson was the center of political action ; 

Indians came for supplies, Crockett rallied his faction, 

And on Saturdays when all came to town to " see the sights," 

There were half a dozen horse-swaps and as many fights. 

Madison grew the first cotton in West Tennessee, 

Had a cotton gin, built frame houses in its infancy. 

The citizens of Jackson were refined, enterprising ; 

With such a population it was not surprising 

That they should contend for the mastery a long while 

With those building a town on the "American Nile." 

Memphis, now the county seat of Shelby, was yclept 

For Memphis the capital of Middle Egypt, 

And owes her development to her situation. 

Built at the head of perpetual navigation 

On the banks of the Mississippi river, the heart 

Of a rich and fertile country, a great cotton mart ; 

In fact the largest inland cotton market in the world. 

The natural position caused flags to be unfurled 

From forts erected by French and Spanish long years ago, 

A village called Chisca, visited by De Soto, 

Occupied the present site of our thriving city. 

Washington Irviug's description excites our pity 

For the miserable, infirm, little Indian chief 

Who, lying ill in bed, arose, ran to the relief 

Of his vassals, the women and children in the village 

Subject to Spanish cruelty, their houses to pillage. 

De Soto made peace with him, restored the stolen goods — 

His cavalry could not fight the Indians in the woods. 

The French and Spanish alternately called these forts their own,. 

When in Seventeen hundred and Ninety-four Washington 

Protested, called it " unwarrantable aggression " 

Against the United States' Chickasaw possession. 



76 TENNESSEE CENTENNIAL POEM. 

After Jackson's victory, General Pike manned one fort. 

When Wilkinson took command he dismantled it for sport, 

And bnilt one fnrther down, calling it Fort Pickering. 

'Twas kept up to rival Memphis, causing bickering. 

The purchase of Louisiana settled the cause, 

Leaving Tennessee to treat with the Chickasaws. 

General Jackson purchased their claim, the State was then possessed 

Of this beautiful country, but was still not at rest. 

For Mississippi claimed Memphis as part of her State. 

An engineer was appointed to settle the debate ; 

He located the line four miles south of what we claimed, 

This settled the question, it has never more been named. 

The ground on which Memphis is built was owned by two men, 

John Rice and John Ramsey, whatever their grants may have been. 

It was fortunate that Rice sold to John Overton, 

Who watched over Memphis like a father would a son. 

The Bluff City was laid off on the fourth Chickasaw Bluff. 

The proprietors from the first had trouble enough 

With the inhabitants about timber and the mud-bar. 

The pranks of the Mississippi caused the local war. 

The United States purchased it for a navy-yard. 

But after ten years' experiment with no reward 

Donated it to the city, the proceeds divided 

Between the claimants, and the disturbance subsided. 

Meanwhile Raleigh sprang up and was made the county seat, 

This did not injure Memphis, she added street to street. 

To " make all pleased with the place by polite attentions" 

Was Overton's motto ; this increased her dimensions. 

Randolph on the third bluff, was a rival for awhile, 

But there was but one Memphis on the Egyptian Nile. 

When our Memphis was a struggling town unknown to fame 

She was subject to ridicule on account of her name. 

The satirist invoked the ^' shade of King Pisostris. " 

AVhat is fame at last? This great king's name was Sesostris. 

Overton, though old and infirm, outwitted them all. 

Crushed the prospects of rivals, saw their schemes and pride fall. 

He lived till Eighteen hundred and Thirty-three — long enough 

To see his city advanced to be queen of the bluff. 



CHAPTER VI. 



1817-1836. 



The Seminole war — General .Jackson Governor of Florida — Death of Governor 
McMinn — Governor Carroll's administration — -Supreme Judges — Governor 
Sam Houston succeeded by Hall — Governor Carroll re-elected — General 
Jackson President — Removal of the Cherokees, Chattanooga Settled — The 
Ocoee District purchased and settled — New Constitution — Governor Carroll's 
administration — Biography Felix Grundy — David Crockett. 

The Seminole Indians began to make trouble, 

Great Britain made them allies for nothing but bubble. 

They lived in Florida, to whom the Creeks, who scouted 

The treaty of Jackson when they were at Horseshoe routed, 

Sought refuge. Together they indulged the expectation 

That when peace was made there would be a restoration 

Of all the lands taken from them by the conqueror. 

At least they were told this by their quasi-governor, 

Colonel Nichols, who had felt the weight of " Jackson's arm." 

He advised them to do the Americans no harm. 

The governor of Georgia, alarmed, sent a report 

To the war secretary, and he to the British court. 

Nichols was summoned to London with all his white troops. 

He took a chief and Creek Indians, several groups. 

But left his fort in good order, well armed and well supplied 

With seven hundred barrels of powder — this is not denied. 

The prophet Francis was treated with much distinction, 

Presented with a uniform and a commission 

Of brigadier-general, with gold-mounted tomahawk, 

Diamond suuif-box, and money, and permitted to stalk 

Into the presence of the Prince Regent thus attired; 

Because he fought Americans he was much admired. 

The Indians returned home, bearing exhortation 

And advice from Nichols to the Seminole nation. 

77 



78 TENNESSEE CENTENNIAL POEM. 

Some writers have said he was not the " instigator " 

Of the Seminole war, he sure! }/ vas '* agitator.'' 

When Nichols left, fugitive slaves crowded into his fort — 

Two hundred and fifty men from Georgia ; this report 

Was sent to General Jackson, asking his assistance, 

Pensacola was incapable of resistance. 

General Jackson wrote the president sending the report, 

Before his order came General Gaines destroyed the fort. 

While the United States and Spain were negotiating 

The purchase of Florida, other agitating 

Agents appeared, filibusters and traders, 

Instructing the Indians against their invaders. 

The government ordered General Gaines's command elsewhere 

And General Jackson to command troops on the frontier. 

He had a correct opinion of the situation 

And wrote to the president for his approbation ; 

Meanwhile Secretary Calhoun, with power to invest, 

W^rote General Jackson to conduct the war as he thought best. 

He marshaled his forces in Tennessee ; " promptitude " 

Was his motto, the government began to conclude. 

In three months the war was over, troops at home disbanded, 

The administration perplexed, would have reprimanded 

General Jackson for invading the Spanish domain, 

But he was now almost as formidable as Spain. 

Mr. Adams convinced the administration. 

The people of the States and the Spanish legation, 

That General Jackson had pursued the right policy. 

The House investigated its expediency. 

And sustained General Jackson in his every action. 

This silenced his enemies, who were but a faction. 

The Seminole war was forced upon us by aggression. 

And necessity '^uiiti^ed its prosecution. ^ 

These questions settled, General Jackson at once resigned 

His commission in the array, and was then assigned 

Governor of Florida to receive her from Spain. 

He accepted the position and left for his domain 

With Mrs. Jackson, " the stay and solace of his life," 

The two Andrews, one adopted, both nephews of his wife. 



TENNESSEE CENTENNIAL POEM. 79 

He was govei-uur of Florida almost two years ; 
His health failed aud he resigned his responsible cares, 
And started with his iamily on their pilgrimage 
Home to Tennessee, and their beloved Hermitage. 

In Eighteen hundred aud Nineteen there was consummated 

A treaty with the Cherokees for lands located 

Between the Hiawassee river and the Tennessee, 

Signed by John Ross, Sleeping Rabbit, Smallwood, Carrohee, 

Other chiefs, aud John C. Calhouu, war secretary. 

The legislature at once thought it necessary 

To organize a new county. McMiuu it was called. 

For Joseph McMinn, then three times governor installed. 

Major Walker, an Indian chief, laid off the first town, 

And called it Calhouu, for the great statesman of renown. 

It was a trading-post, built on Hiawassee river. 

Athens, laid off three years after, became, however. 

The county seat, named for the ancient seat of learning, 

The capital of Attica. These men were discerning. 

For Athens almost rivals that of the Grecian State, 

With her University and other schools to mate. 

Governor McMiuu was an honest man, but no financier; 

From a Quaker farmer he became a pioneer, 

And occupied in this State important positions, 

According to his desires aud (|ualificatious. 

When he had completed his third administration 

He was appointed agent to the Cherokee nation 

To succeed Colonel Meigs, who had just died at that place. 

Governor McMinn served as a^ent to the Cherokee race 

But one year, when at sixty-six years of age he died. 

And was buried at Calhouu by General Curry's side, 

In the Presbyterian churchyard, the grave marked by a tree; 

His monument will be built this year by Tennessee. 

In Eighteen hundred and Twenty-three Colonel Meigs died 
In the Cherokee agency which had been his pride 
For twenty-two years. He was in the Revolution, 
And for gallaut conduct received honorable mention 



80 TENNESSEE CENTENNIAL POEM. 

From Washiugton ; likewise a sword aud thauks from Congress, 

Though sixty years old when appointed to this office, 

He accomplished much good for the Indians who loved him 

Next to Rev. Gideon Blackburn till death removed him. 

Return Jonathan Meigs is an odd, peculiar name ; 

" Thereon hangs a tale," and 'tis said in this way it came : 

His father, John Meigs, born in England, loved a Quakeress 

In Connecticut. She was a beauty, full of gentleness, 

But kept her lover in a state of anxious suspense. 

He summoned courage at length, his love was so intense. 

And made a final visit, resolving to part forever 

If his suit was unsuccessful, which it was, however ; 

As he mounted his horse, feeling sad and dejected, 

She beckoned to him to stop, for she had reflected, 

Saying '' Return^ Jonathan ! Return, Jonathan ! He won. 

And these dearest treasured words he named his first born son. 

Each succeeding generation named a son likewise. 

A grandson of Colonel Meigs, just before his demise, 

Visited him, and remained several weeks as his guest ; 

Was with him when he died and complied with his request 

To remain and settle up his government aifairs; 

While engaged in this service he assumed other cares. 

He located at Athens and became prominent 

As a lawyer in treaty suits with the government. 

His reputation thus gained spread throughout East Tennessee, 

He removed to Nashville at the age of thirty-three. 

Where he met in legal combat those who were giants. 

And stootl the peer of each with an array of clients. 

While attorney-general his reports ranked with the best. 

The greatest work he left was his three-volume digest 

Of the decisions of the Supreme court, a legal treat, 

Without which no law library in this State is complete. 

The unfortunate Civil war which estranged brothers 

Caused him to leave this State and seek a home with others. 

He died in Washington city when ninety years old, 

*'A great lawyer, scholar, gentleman," when all is told. 



TENNESSEE CENTENNIAL POEM. 81 

A new county was surveyed and named for James Monroe. 
He visited the Cherokees, that their wants he might know. 
Madison, the county seat, named by first resident 
For James Madison, of course another president. 
Sweetwater, named for the valley, is the largest town. 
Naming rivals for presidents will not keep her down. 

Two candidates now appeared, each desired to stand guard 

Over the State's interest, William Carroll and Edward Ward. 

The newspapers of the State for the first time engaged 

In a contest of this kind, the battle fiercely raged. 

Carroll was elected by the people, the masses, 

Ward's friends were the office-holders and all such classes. 

William Carroll moved to the State eleven years before 

From Pittsburg to Nashville, where he opened a nail store. 

First brigade-inspector, then major of militia, 

In the Creek war joined General Jackson in the issue. 

When Jackson in the regular army was needed, 

Carroll to his office in militia succeeded. 

Next to Jackson and Coffee he ranked at New Orleans; 

His popularity as a soldier was the means 

Of his present election. He was the man for the place. 

Gifted with foresight he filled it with wisdom and grace. 

He influenced the legislature to appear in homespun, 

And the State to practice economy as he had done. 

This relieved the financial pressure, their wants were reduced, 

They kept the money their cotton and tobacco produced. 

Our congressmen then were Sam Houston, Newton Cannon, 

Thomas Arnold. Our senators John Henry Eaton 

And John Williams, who after eight years were succeeded 

By General Jackson, who served until ne was needed 

To fill a more responsible office and station, 

The highest conferred by the American nation. 

Our colleges kept pace, the Cumberland at Nashville, 

With the East Tennessee located at Knoxville. 

Philip Lindsley was now president of Cumberland, 

For twenty-five years his services were in demand. 



82 TENNESSEE CENTENNIAL POEM. 

These colleges bad been endowed with lands for support 

By Congress, but the legislature gave their report 

That the law was not good for the }>eople, so disobeyed 

And sold the land tracts for half-price Avhen they were surveyed. 

For want of funds Cumberland College closed several years; 

The East Tennessee College, though greatly in arrears, 

United funds with Hampden-Sidney Academy, 

"SVith Mr. Sherman as president, and his economy 

Enabled them to exist until a brighter day came, 

When the legislature gave this college another name. 

Lotteries were given legal sanction in the Southwest, 

For internal improvements, were allowed to invest ; 

The Cumberland College received the benefit too. 

And the pious town of Franklin — aristocratic blue — 

Was allowed to procure a town clock in this same way; 

Lotteries were as common as church socials to-day. 

Robert Whyte, a Scotchman, succeeded Judge Overton 

On the Supreme bench, though exacting his opinions won 

Great respect; a man of honor in the strictest sense. 

His parents' devotion to the church was so intense 

That he was educated for this high vocation. 

He desired to adopt a learned profession; 

Being denied this he emigrated to " the States," 

Where freedom is extended to all within their gates. 

In William and Mary College he became professor 

Of languages, where he remained till his successor 

Was found, when he studied law and practiced in the North State. 

Coming to Tennessee he had not long to wait 

For recognition of ability, which he maintained 

Eighteen years, serving with many able men; he remained. 

On the bench until Eighteen hundred and Thirty-four, 

When he retired at an advanced age, much beyond three score. 

He died ten years later, and the minutes of the court 

Show him a man of learning and judicial import. 

Jacob Peck was elected to the high position 

Of Supreme judge, which he held till the new constitution. 



TENNESSEE CENTENNIAL POEM, 83 

'Boru in Viro;inia, his fatlier, Adam Peck, moved here 

As soon as the roads were opened, he was a pioneer ; 

Was a member of the first Assembly of the State, 

A man of learning and ability in debate. 

Judge Peck was one of eight brothers, all l)rave, knightly men, 

Of such height and build as we will rarely see again. 

Several of them gained prominence in the Western States, 

But it is of Judge Jacob Peck my history relates. 

Educated in Virginia in Eighteen hundred. 

He returned home a lawyer; it is not to be wondered 

That with such advantages he should in time attain 

Position as State senator, and from there to gain 

Admittance into the highest court known to the State. 

He filled' the position with dignity, was sedate, 

Cultured, studied music, painting, and was devoted 

To zoology and geology, and was noted 

For his cabinet of minerals he collected; 

With these diverse attainments humor was detected, 

Often in his opinions, though forcibly rendered. 

Being original his dissent was often tendered. 

Before an official was appointed to report 

He published a volume of the decisions of the court. 

After twelve years of service he retired to enjoy 

His home in Jefferson county, where, without annoy. 

He pursued his favorite studies until the great age 

•Of ninety years he ended his earthly pilgrimage. 



In Eighteen and Twenty-three a fourth judge was elected, 

AVilliam L. Brown a leading lawyer was selected. 

He served one year when he resigned and was succeeded 

By John Catron. The Assembly also proceeded 

To supply the place Judge Haywood filled with distinction. 

Henry Crabb was elected to this high position. 

He died during the year and Nathaniel Green filled the place. 

The court was White, Peck, and Green, with Catron Chief Justice. 

.John Catron, of Virginia, at thirty-three years of age, 

•Came to Tennessee in time to don the equipage 



84 TENNESSEE CENTENNIAL POEM. 

Of 11 soklier; was with General Jackson at New Orleans. 

After serving his time he left the exciting scenes 

He had witnessed, both iu New Orleans and tlie Creek war, 

And in Overton county was admitted to the bar. 

Removing to Nashville, in six years was elected 

Supreme judge, where he served eight years until selected 

By President Jackson to fill a place of import, 

Associate Justice of United States Supreme Court. 

Judge Catron educated himself; by application 

Became a learned man, fit to fill his station. 

His influence caused the Constitutional Convention 

To punish dueling in this State; we need not mention 

That the practice had become common in Tennessee — 

Several instances are recorded in her history. 

During the war between the States Judge Catron remained 

In the Union, and his Federal office maintained. 

Expelled this State by the Confederates, he returned 

When the Federals took possession and his safety discerned. 

He died in Eighteen hundred and Sixty-five an old man. 

Sixteen years beyond the line of life's allotted span. 

The Supreme judges who served before the convention 

Adopted the new constitution, were without exception 

Brainy men, capable of giving shape to the laws. 

Creating order from chaos ; they did not once pause 

For a precedent, but laid down the rules to decide 

Conflicting claims that to-day are referred to with pride. 

Tennessee was not settled like any other State, 

Her lands purchased from Indians, the grants a different date. 

Hostile tribes prevented the State from being surveyed ; 

Claims covered each other, interlapping grants were made. 

This caused labor for the judges to disentagle 

The incongruous web, and settle all the wrangle. 

These men shared the dangers of others on the frontier. 

They were brave as they were wise, ignorant only of fear. 



Governor Carroll was re-elected without opposition. 
He served three terms, the limit of the constitution. 



TENNESSEE CENTENNIAL POEM. 86 

Three caudidates for the office now came to the front, 

Newton Cannon, Sam Houston, and Ex-Governor Wylie Blount. 

.Sam Houston was elected and made a good governor, 

Was conservative ; he had been State solicitor, 

Then adjutant-general and a member of Congress, 

Reared in the mountains with the Indians, had made pi'ogress ; 

A friend of General Jackson with popular address, 

These combined at that time in the State made their impress. 

The last year of his administration he married, 

In a short while his wife went to her home and tarried. 

Houston resigned his office at once and left the State, 

;Sought the Cherokees where they had been driven by fate. 

From there he went to Texas and bravely led the van 

Against the hostile Indians — a treaty was his plan. 

In their effiirt to throw oif the yoke of Mexico 

He commanded in the battle of San Jacinto; 

Was president of Texas when liberty was gained ; 

By his ability the government was sustained. 

When Texas was admitted he was made senator 

Of the United States, and afterward governor. 



William Hall, Speaker of the Senate, succeeded 
And filled the unexpired term as Houston proceeded. 
He had been brigadier-general during the Creek war. 
Was courageous, did his duty though not a fixed star. 
Ex-Governor Carroll was chosen without opposition 
Three times in succession till the new constitution. 
Meanwhile General Jackson was elected president 
Of the United States, a Tennessee resident. 
He could not, however, " boast himself of to-morrow," 
And e'er he took his seat experienced a great sorrow — 
The death of Mrs. Jackson, his loved, devoted wife, 
Whom he always called " the stay and solace of his life." 
This devoted. Christian woman was long mourned and missed, 
She had a checkered life, — was by fame and fortune kissed. 
'General Jackson never recovered from this great shock ! 
It subdued his spirit, caused him to look to the " Rock 



86 TENNESSEE CENTENNIAL POEM. 

Of Ages" for refuge, when sick aud o'ercome with grief; 

He bad many trials while he was the nation's chief! 

His national acts are irrelevant to this story, 

He served two terms, aud time has not bedimmed his glory. 

His most important act connected with Tennessee 

Was the treaty and removal of the Cherokees. 

Many of them had served under him in the Creek war, 

They esteemed him the greatest warrior living, near or far; 

And we owe it to him that they peacefully removed 

From their happy hunting-grounds and the graves of those they 

loved. 
He had gone to them years before with a missionary, 
Who preached to them and taught their schools, Cyrus Kingsbury;. 
Taking the place of Gideon Blackburn, whose fiery zeal 
Caused him to journey North and South with eloquent appeal ; 
Collecting thousands of dollars for his favorite mission. 
He taught and first preached to them the way of salvation. 
Sent by the Union Presbytery of Tennessee, 
He labored for them years before he asked for company ; 
Then infused a missionary spirit into others. 
Godly men and women to teach these savage brothers. 
Some went to the Osage tribe roaming through the far west. 
Others came to the Cherokee mission that he loved best. 
The largest school was taught near what is now the Byrd's mill place. 
The government bought the farm from the Cherokee race, 
Built the mill, dwellings, and school-houses through the agent, 
Colonel Meigs, who lived with them as government regent. 
President Monroe visited them then and charged 
That the first contracts be paid, and the buildings enlarged. 
Sequoyah, the Cadmus of his race, we call George Guess, 
Invented the Cherokee alphabet, gave to press 
The New Testament translated into his own tongue. 
Making it easier to teach the old and the young. 
The '•' Phcenix/' their first newspaper, appeared arranged with taste,. 
Arising from the ashes where their homes were laid waste. 
Emblem of immortality to their souls given. 
Where treaties could not move them from their home in heaven. 



TENNESSEE CENTENNIAL POEM. 

Rev. Samuel Worcester, corresponding secretary 

Of the foreign board, was also a missionary 

To Brainard; he came in Eighteen hundred and Twenty-one. 

Arrived in feeble health, his life's work already done. 

He died in two weeks, his grave is in the mission ground, 

Not far from the old mill, where to-day it may be found. 

A stone from New Haven, Connecticut, marks the place ; 

It may crumble, but his influence time will ne'er efface. 

His remains were removed fifty years ago or more 

To Salem, Massachusetts, where he had lived before. 

His sou, a namesake and successor to the pastorate 

Of Tabernacle church, conveyed him to his native State, 

And reinterred him in Harmony Grove Cemetery, 

Where another stone marks the grave of this missionary. 

Another less honored is buried at this |)lace — 

Samuel Vail, a loved preacher to the Cherokee race. 

His wife lies beside him, they were co-workers in faith. 

Living they served together, lie together in death. 



For thirty-three years these schools were taught ; the young. were old 

AYho first entered ; fair maidens, men, women, the household, 

Were educated, accomplished, some wealthy, refined ; 

Xow these loved homes, schools, churches, were to be left behind. 

The Trojans left their burning city with tearful eyes. 

The Moors were expelled from Spain, their earthly paradise. 

The captivity of the Jews is sad to relate, 

"Whatever is, is right," God permitted their ill fate. 

"The depth of the riches of His wisdom" we dare not scout! 

" His judgments are unsearchable, His ways past finding out !" 

These Cherokees now left their homes, bade their woods farewell. 

With broken hearts and tearful eyes, their homes they loved so well ! 

Those living in lowly huts packed up their scanty stores 

Of worldly goods, and said good-bye to their cabin doors. 

While those who were wealthy, refined, and educated 

Suppressed their .sighs and left their dwellings desolated. 

The Rosses, Ridges, Foremans, Boudinots, Bushyheads, half-breeds. 

Every condition and grade, those trained to martial deeds. 



88 TENNESSEE CENTENNIAL POEM. 

With the cuuniDg and deceitful, assembled at the places 

Assigned for them to meet — bade farewell — turned their faces 

Towards their new and strange domain, left their heritage 

For that allotted to them, and began their pilgrimage. 

The tract of beautiful land given the Cherokees 

Was nearly one-third as large as the State of Tennessee. 

Their treaties have been well and faithfully executed 

By the government ; they never have been persecuted. 

No other civilized nation has behaved so well 

In their dealings with the savage or infidel. 

The Israelites drove out the heathen and exterminated. 

The United States both civilized and educated 

The savages, and still extends to them protection. 

The journal of their history will bear inspection. 

Their homes were not left long in a state of desolation. 

Settlers soon moved in and a mixed population 

Inhabited the country near the bend of the river. 

It was called "Ross's Landing," named for John Ross; however, 

Soon changed to Chattanooga, for a creek of that name, 

East of Lookout Mountain, and this is the way it came : 

A Choctaw brave was drowned in the creek, when drawn on shore, 

The place where they found him called Cha-ta-nu-ga evermore. 

This is the Indian legend, others now protest. 

Some say it means "bird's," some "hawk's," some "crow's," some 

"eagle's" nest. 
Hamilton county was soon established and surveyed ; 
Chattanooga was made the county seat, then arrayed 
In her pristine beauty, surrounded by mountains high, 
Crowned with majestic trees whose heights seemed to touch the sky. 
Lookout ever pointing his warning to the stranger 
Of his approach to " tumbling shoals" and the "suck's" danger. 
Walden's Ridge frowned then, as now, on all seen below, 
This mighty wall once severed by Nature's steady blow. 
The Tennessee, with graceful bend, swiftly glided by, 
Curving and winding, seemingly a mirror for the sky, 
Forming an Indian moccasin, yes a giant shoe. 
Nature stamped their imagery on creek and river too. 



TENNESSEE CENTENNIAL POEM. 89 

Across southeast another ridg;e not so high as others, 

Named for the missionaries who taught their savage brothers. 

Another hill upheld " the nest " on the river's side, 

Since named Cameron for the artist, Scotia was his pride. 

A few men with much foresight bought land here for " a song " — 

Williams, Legg, Rawlins, Whiteside, and Colonel John P. Long. 

In Eighteen hundred and Thirty-six a town was laid out 

Near the river a mile square, or something thereabout. 

A post-office was established, then a printer came. 

In Eighteen hundred and Thirty-eight was seen the name 

Of " The Hamilton Gazette,^' whose first compositor 

Was F, A. Parham, editor and proprietor. 

Tri-weekly mail from Nashville by stages came and went ; 

Steamboats coursed the river, bringing more supplies when spent. 

The buffalo, the first "civil engineer" that came. 

Made a direct road, the Indians followed the same. 

That road became Market street, beautiful thoroughfare, 

Very few for width and beauty can with it compare. 

The trade of the town soon outgrew its population, 

Till a railroad was built, inducing immigration. 



The Oeoee District included the lands acquired 

Recently from the Cherokees and were much admired. 

Bradley county was established, its county seat named 

For General Cleveland, who fought at King's Mountain so famed. 

Cleveland was the land office where the district centered. 

There the official issued grants and deeds were entered. 

Bradley county when surveyed was in a good condition. 

Grass grew luxuriantly before its partition. 

The Indians had cleared the richest places for use. 

And the white man's industry received a yield profuse. 

Citizens of the first-class bought lands and settled there; 

Raised fine crops, were independent, sold a surplus fair. 

Charleston was the " Cherokee Agency " selected, 

Where General Scott quartered, and the miliria collected 

The Indians ready tor march to their distant home ; 

A large camp was established where they were made welcome. 



90 TENNESSEE CENTENNIAL TOEM. 

In Eighteen hiiudred aud Thirty-four a couveution 

Was delegated to prepare a new constitution. 

The interests and wants of the people had grown and changed, 

To suit these exigencies the new one was arranged. 

The " Western District " began to be assertive then, 

Though but fifteen years of age brought out some able men. 

The convention was held during the administration 

Of Governor Carroll, whose influence made preparation 

For the changes which resulted and the reforms made. 

He proved a good governor and statesmanship displayed. 

His third term expired ; he would not have offered again, 

His friends insisted, for they needed all such men. 

The new constitution did not limit the service, 

Newton Cannon opposed him and was given the office. 

Hugh L. White and Felix Grundy were then elected 

United States senators, and both men reflected 

Much credit upon the State they long represented, 

Where good men abounded, with these they were contented. 

Felix Grundy was born in Virginia, and when a child 

His father moved to Kentucky, then a western wild, 

" When death was in almost every bush " where the Indians stayed, 

"And when every thicket concealed an ambuscade." 

He once said " were he asked to trace his memory back, 

And name its first impression," 'twould be after an attack ; 

He saw " his eldest brother bleeding, yes, lose his life, 

From wounds inflicted by the tomahawk and scalping knife. 

Another and another killed in this savage way. 

And his widowed mother reduced in a single day 

From affluence to poverty and compelled to labor 

With her own hands, that she might educate and favor 

Her youngest and then only son." This she faithfully did. 

He carried the image of this mother in his bosom hid. 

Being the seventh son, his mother to appease the fates 

Gave him to Esculapius despite her many straits. 

After graduation he left medicine for law. 

His fitness for this vocation he at once foresaw ; 

Was a member of the Constitutional Convention. 

The Assembly then listened to him with rapt attention. 



TENNESSEE CENTENNIAL POEM. 9L 

At twenty-nine years of age was judge of Supreme court, 

And chief justice the next year — historian's report. 

He then resigned and moved to Nashville, Tennessee, 

Where the ablest lawyers acknowledged his ability. 

In three years he was elected to Congress and returned ; 

Henry Clay, then speaker of the House, at once discerned 

His fitness for directing our foreign relations. 

He upheld the president in his war preparations 

With England, when she was both defeated and subdued 

Finally by Jackson, whose motto was " promptitude." 

He served also in the legislature of the State, 

Was then elected to the United States Senate ; 

Was attorney-general in Van Buren's cabinet. 

But resigned and again took a seat in the Senate. 

He died in Eighteen hundred and Forty ; the bar yielded 

Him the scepter of eloquence, which he long wielded. 

The congressmen were David Crockett, who hunted the bear, 

James K. Polk, Cave Johnson, Richard Cheatham, and John Blair. - 

David Crockett was born at Limestone in East Tennessee, 

Then the State of Franklin. During his early history 

His grandparents were butchered and slain by savages 

Who kept the frontier in terror by their ravages. 

At twelve years of age he was sent to an " old field school," 

But rebelled against the birch rod which enforced the rule; 

Later on he returned, learned the rudiments with care. 

Then married, settled on Elk creek and hunted the bear. 

He served in the Creek war and obtained all the glory 

When it came to endurance or telling a good story. 

He then removed to Giles county and was selected 

Colonel of militia ; from there twice elected 

Member of the legislature, served two terms in Congress^ 

He offered again, was defeated, took his egress 

For Texas, then in revolt against Mexico, 

And died in San Antonio defending the Alamo. 

Many exaggerated stories of him have been told. 

His life was a wonder. He was but fifty years old. 



CHAPTER VII. 



1836-1849. 

.John A. Murrell — First Kailroad chartered — Cannon and Polk contest for Gov- 
ernor — Polk elected — Death of Hugh L. White — Supreme Court re-estab- 
lished — Biography of Judges Greene, Turley, Keese, McKinney, Caruthers, 
Totten, Harris, Wright — Whig Convention — James C. Jones — Governor 
James K. Polk elected President — Death of General Jackson — Dr. J. G. M. 
Kamsey — Medical Society of Tennessee — Aaron V. Brown, Governor — The 
Mexican War — Neil S. Brown, Governor — Biography of John Bell. 

After the Indians departed from Tennessee 

The thief and the robber seized their opportunity. 

A baud of robbers, highwaymen, at this time appeared, 

Organized by John A. Murrell, most by travelers feared. 

He was born in Middle Tennessee, and his mother 

Taught him how to live upon the earnings of another. 

When he was of age he adopted the profession 

Of robbery, which he practiced, making the impression 

That he was a speculator, then a teacher ; 

He knew enough theology to appear a preacher. 

He studied criminal law to avoid its dangers, 

And practiced his wickedness always upon strangers. 

These he murdered after robbing them ; this he confessed 

To Virgil A. Stewart, the man who caused his arrest. 

He disguised himself and proposed to join his " Mystic Clan," 

Attended a meeting of his council, learned his plan ; 

Returning, gave him up to the judiciary, 

By whom he was sent to the penitentiary. 

He became an invalid and imbecile for life. 

His clan dispersed and robbery was no longer rife 

After his conviction ; but order reigned throughout the State, 

And citizens were encouraged when he met his fate. 



TENNESSEE CENTENNIAL POEM. 95- 

The finances of the State were in a low condition, 
Throughout the country pervaded the same depression. 
The crash finally came, the State could not further aid 
The internal improvements she had advised to be made. 
The first railroad chartered in Tennessee 
In Eighteen and Thirty-one was the Memphis Company. 
The Nashville and Chattanooga was the first finished, 
We've many others now but their trade has not diminished. 
The great drawback to Tennessee even then appeared. 
Sectional jealousies were aroused; each division feared 
That their revenue was used to build up another, 
All citizens of one State ; yes, sons of one mother ! 
Would God these divisions were forever rent asunder ! 
East, Middle, and West Tennessee, what a great wonder 
Could be accomplished if they would all pull together ! 
We would succeed at all times, all storms would weather ! 
The world does not recognize these marked divisions. 
We are considered as one despite our collisions. 



Governor Cannon had served two terms and offered aji'ain, 

James K. Polk, who opposed him, had been a congressman^ 

The contest was spirited, the Whig party was young, 

And Governor Cannon, its advocate, was slow of tongue. 

James K. Polk in this contest instituted the art 

Of "stump-speaking," the pride of our politician's heart. 

He was not a great orator, but quick at retort. 

And his laughable anecdotes afforded much sport. 

In this way he taught politicians how to debate. 

And was rewarded by being made chief magistrate. 

James Knox Polk, of North Carolina, moved to Tennessee 

When eleven years old, the tenth of the State's history. 

His parents were Scotch-Irish, this their names indicated ; 

When twenty-three years of age he was graduated 

From the University of North Carolina ; 

He studied law and began practice at Columbia. 

First a member of the legislature, then of Congress, 

Serving fourteen years ; the last four he made his impress 



-.94 TENNESSEE CENTENNIAL POEM. 

As speaker of the House ; he decliued re-electiou 
That he might attain this executive position. 

Hugh L. White, while senator, was the Whig nominee 
For president against Van Buren. Tiien Tennessee 
Had many distinguished men in active public life, 
Who made this contest one of purely personal strife. 
He served three years after in the Senate, then resigned, 
To the Assembly's instructions he was disinclined. 
He died four mouths after, was sixty-seven years of age ; 
No purer name than Hugh L. White's adorns history's page. 

General Jackson returned home from Washington by stage, 
He was an infirm old man, then seventy years of age. 
His friends gave him an impressive and hearty welcome home ; 
They met him near Lebanon and were glad to have him come. 
Seventy years old, with ninety dollars in his pocket. 
Salary, cotton crop, went with the presidential rocket. 

The new constitution established the Supreme court. 
Still elected by the legislature we report, 
Consisting of three judges, one from each division, 
•Serving a term of twelve years by this provision. 
In Fifty-three there was adopted an amendment, 
The sovereigns elected them with eight years installment. 
Judges Nathan Green, William Turley, and William Reese 
Were elected for the full constitutional lease. 
Their predecessors were confined to shaping land laws. 
Time had perfected such titles; these did not once pause 
To consider land law, for prosperity had brought 
Population and wealth into the State, so they sought 
To regulate commerce and give legal permission 
To the people and merchants and men of commission. 
They followed in the lead of the courts of New York State, 
Thus settling vexed questions, saving labor and debate. 
They made rules governing torts, settled slavery disputes, 
Though slaves were largely governed by household institutes. 



TENNESSEE CENTENNIAL POEM. 95 

Nathan Greene was born in Virginia in Ninety-two, 

The " okl field school " fitted him for the work he had to do. 

As a private he served from Eighteen Twelve throughout the war, 

At is close studied law and was admitted to the bar; 

He then entered the " thorny" state of matrimony, 

Having just received his expected patrimony; 

Then removed with his eifects to Winchester, Tennessee, 

Where he was blessed with health, friends, and prosperity. 

First as State senator, then as chancellor he served. 

Until called to be Supreme judge, which he well deserved ; 

He served a term of twenty-two years, only sur|)assed 

By Peter Turney, late chief justice, governor the last. 

Judge Green induced Hopkins L. Turney to move and take charge 

Of his practice at this time, which was lucrative and large. 

He was the father of Governor Turney, then four years old, 

Destined to this position and to be a soldier bold. 

Judge Green's manner was grave and earnest without display ; 

He could detect the truth dressed in falsehood's array. 

He was a wise man to retire before age had impaired 

His usefulness as a judge ; yet he for fourteen years shared 

The professorship of law with the sage of Lebanon ; 

At seventy-four he died, leaving his work well done. 



William Bruce Turley, of Virginia, came to Tennessee 

With his parents and settled in Davidson county. 

In Nashville University he matriculated, 

Where at the age of sixteen he was graduated. 

He studied law and moved to Clarksville, where his talents 

Soon brought him recognition and plenty of clients. 

He served six years as circuit judge, was then selected 

Judge of Supreme court, unanimously elected. 

He served fifteen years, then resigned this high position 

To be chancellor at Memphis. His intuition 

Decided a cause by the time he had read it o'er. 

And repeating in consultation was a great bore. 

Judge Turley was fond of poetry and history, 

Versed in literature and blest with a good memory. 



96 TENNESSEE CENTENNIAL POEM. 

When he had been chancellor one year he fell on the street 
While walking in Raleigh, and attempting to gain his feet 
Caught on his cane, which broke, and the sharp point pierced him 

through ; 
He died from this wound in spite of all that skill could do. 
He often disagreed with his colleagues, as we've seen ; 
His last words were, " 1 can never agree to that Judge Green." 

William B. Reese was a native of East Tennessee, 

Born in Jefferson county in Seventeen and Ninety-three. 

His father, James Reese, was a lawyer and pioneer, 

A member of Franklin Assembly, a man without fear. 

Judge Reese was prepared for college by Dr. Henderson, 

Entered Blount, then Greenville College, where as a scholar won 

High honor and distinction when he graduated. 

He continued his studies, his zeal never abated, 

But mastered every branch of knowledge ; his education 

He made a life business, whatever his vocation. 

He was one of the most learned men of Tennessee ; 

Studied law — was first chancellor, then called to be 

Supreme judge, the first native Tennesseean selected; 

Without opposition unanimously elected. 

He measured all causes by fixed principles of law. 

His opinions were wise and learned without one flaw. 

When his term of twelve years expired he sought diversity 

As president of East Tennessee University. 

He held this position until compelled to resign, 

His health failed, he died in Eighteen hundred and Fifty-nine. 

He was a railroad director for variety 

And president of the Historical Society. 

Robert J. McKinney, an Irish transportation, 

Succeeded Judge Reese to his judicial position. 

Colonel William Henderson said ''an Irishman, 

Like his tobacco plant, can only develop when 

He is transplanted. Ireland is his hotbed, and the world 

Is his patch, which he fills" always with banner unfurled. 



TENNESSEE CENTENNIAL POEM. 97 

Judge McKinney's father settled iu East Tennessee, 

In Hawkins county, near Rogersville, with his family. 

His son for a few months attended Greenville College. 

With meager education, he obtained legal knowledge 

Under his uncle, John A. McKinney's tuition. 

His early practice did not better his condition. 

He was diffident though talented, and chance revealed 

His professional ability which he had concealed. 

The illness of senior counsel brought him face to face 

With legal giants, and he managed to gain his case. 

He assisted in framing the new constitution, 

And was chosen Supreme judge without solicitation. 

He presided fourteen years when the court suspended 

Until after the war between the States had ended. 

He was one of the Peace Commission to the government, 

And spent the remainder of his life in retirement. 

Robert L. Caruthers succeeded Judge Green resigned, 

A native Tennesseean with a great legal mind. 

At ten years of age he was left to struggle for himself, 

First as a field hand, then arranging a dry-goods shelf. 

To his employer he made himself necessary. 

And was given charge of a branch store at Woodbury. 

He hungered for education and saved every dollar, 

And at Greenville College graduated a scholar. 

Without means, he was taught by Judge Powell, who foresaw 

In him a man of talent who would succeed at law. 

He began practice in his native town of Carthage, 

And was elected at twenty-seven years of age 

Attorney -general for his circuit and served four years ; 

Then a member of the Assembly he next appears. 

In Eighteen and Forty was elected to Congress, 

He declined re-election to make legal progress. 

As Supreme judge he was now by the governor selected. 

And after the amendment, by the people elected. 

He served as judge until the Federals made their ingress, 

Was then elected to the Confederate Congress. 

7 tenu 



98 TENNESSEE CENTENNIAL POEM. 

He was elected governor in Eig^hteeu and Sixty-three, 
But the Federal forces had charge of Tennessee. 
When the war closed he practiced law there in adversity, 
But soon retired to Cumberland University, 
Where as professor of law he held the position, 
Until the great age of eighty-two came his transition. 
As an advocate he made a wide reputation ; 
Most brilliant star in the Tennessee constellation. 
Not the greatest orator, his superior mental force 
Swept away all obstacles in its resistless course. 
His judicial opinions will be read and preserved. 
While Tennessee is a State, a memorial he deserved. 

Judge Turley was succeeded by A. W. O. Totten. 

Born in Middle Tennessee, he studied law at Trenton, 

Then removed to Jackson, where Supreme and Federal courts 

For the western division were held, history reports. 

He was first appointed, then elected to this office, 

Served five years, resigned, was succeeded by Judge Harris. 

Judge Totten was not a man of great ability, 

But did his duty with conscientious fidelity. 

His opinions were deliberate, showing much learning; 

Not original, but always a precedent discerning. 

William R. Harris was born in Eighteen hundred and Three, 

In North Carolina. His father moved to Tennessee 

And settled in Bedford county, on Duck river, 

But moved to Franklin county, near Winchester, soon after. 

His father was a poor man, and this son helped maintain 

The family, which left him but a few months to gain, 

Between crops, an education in the academy 

At Winchester. When of age he practiced economy. 

And while deputy sheriff by studying at night 

Kept with his class, studied law, and became a legal light. 

At twenty-four years of age he began to practice, 

Then moved to Henry county, the county seat Paris. 

He was one of the first settlers in this community ; 

Its rich lands caused others to seize the opportunity 



TENNESSEE CENTENNIAL POEM. 99 

'To improve their condition. First-class citizens moved tliere. 
Judge Harris was prosperous and had a practice fair; 
He served nine years as circuit judge, then moved to Memphis. 
When Judge Turley died he was appointed to his office. 
First appointed, then elected judge of Supreme court, 
He served three years, his term was destined to be cut short ; 
■On a Mississippi river steamboat he was killed ! 
The boilers exploded, his eloquent voice was stilled ! 
A native Tennesseean, Archibald Wright, of Memphis, 
Was appointed to succeed Judge Harris in office. 
He was born in Maury county, settled two years before; 
Named for Lieutenant Maury, afterwards commodore. 
His parents moved to Giles, where he was educated. 
They were both of Scotch-Irish descent and were well mated. 
In Pulaski he studied law in Judge Bramlette's office. 
And at twenty-three years of age was licensed to practice. 
He served throughout the Florida war as a volunteer, 
Then returned to Pulaski and continued to live there. 
Until his fame as a lawyer outgrew the location; 
He then removed to Memphis, where his reputation 
Caused Thomas J. Turley to make him associate. 
Their sons are now partners, the ablest tirm in the State. 
First appointed, then elected to the Supreme court, 
He served but a few years when the civil war cut short 
His term of office ; legal business was suspended. 
At least by the " Bourbons," until the war had ended. 
Judge Wright's opinions were clear, short, and original; 
He cared not for precedents, was an individual. 
He served in the Confederate army throughout the war, 
Then mended his fortune by practicing at the bar. 
Like a sturdy oak, he was cut down at seventy-four. 
Still continuing his work until he was at death's door. 



The election of Polk as governor of Tennessee 

Roused the enemy to exert themselves for victory ; 

The din of preparation was heard throughout the Whig ranki 

The theme discussed then, as now, iinances and banks. 



100 TENNESSEE CENTENNIAL POEM. 

The Whig j)arty liad taken root all over Tennessee, 

And the campaign of Eighteen Forty caused jubilee. 

General Harrison was candidate for president, 

And party zeal placed in line every Whig resident. 

The State was canvassed from end to end ; Polk coined the phrase- 

From " Carter to Shelby," so commonly used " nowadays." 

The most notable event was the Whig convention 

Held in Nashville in August before the election. 

Henry Clay, the founder of the Whig party, was there, 

Indiana Whigs brought an Indian canoe as their share. 

Others, caged coons in log cabins and barrels of cider, 

Whig emblems suggested by taunts of a derider. 

Fourteen States were represented in the great parade ; 

A military company each with coontail cockade, 

Coon skin cap, copperas breeches, and dark blue hunting-shirt, 

Suggested pioneer life, flouted as the desert 

Of General Harrison by his political foes. 

Banners of unique design over the crowd arose. 

Porter, the Kentucky giant, said to be eight feet tall, 

But Henry Clay was most conspicuous of them all. 

Carriages were procured, the lame, halt, and blind cast their vote^ 

Tennessee then was of as much political note 

As Kew York is to-day. Nashville was the gathering place 

Of the southwest, where plans were made for the coming race. 

Tennessee gave both parties some of their ablest leaders ; 

Messages of her governors were given eastern readers. 



James K. Polk had served his first term and offered again ; 
The Whigs nominated James C. Jones, and the fun began. 
They selected "Lean Jimmy" that he might " get after Polk"; 
"He went straight for him," and mimicked him every time he spoke. 
The measure Polk meted to Cannon he received again, 
Jones paid him in his own coin with interest this campaign. 
Those who elected Harrison with cider and coons. 
Now elected Jones governor, the prince of buifoons. 
James C. Jones was born in Davidson county, Tennessee, 
In Eighteen hundred and Nine. During his infancy 



TENNESSEE CENTENNIAL POEM. IQl 

His father died, and a proniineut politician, 
'Colonel Ward, brought him up under his own tuition. 
At intervals he attended a country school three years; 
Being fond of books, he acquired knowledge, it appears, 
By having access to his guardian's library. 
But labored on his farm all the time necessary 
To make the crops; in this way received education 
.Such as needed in politics and his vocation. 
He was married at twenty-one, and went to farming 
In Wilson county where lands were rich, the people charming . 
Was a member of the Assembly at twenty -eight, 
In Eighteen Forty an electoral candidate; 
Was governor two terms, then declined reelection, 
In Forty-eight was a member of the Whig convention ; 
In Eighteen Fifty became a Memphis resident, 
■Of the Memphis and Charleston Railroad was first president; 
Served one term as United States senator, and became 
A Democrat when the Whigs assumed another name. 
He died in Eighteen hundred and Fifty-nine at Memphis, 
A remarkable life — almost half spent in office. 



In Eighteen Forty-four James K. Polk, of Tennessee, 
Opposed Henry Clay as democratic nominee 
For president. Polk wah elected, but his own State 
Gave a small majority to the Whig candidate. 
The magnetic telegraph, at this time invented 
By Samuel Morse, sent its first public news, complimented 
James K. Polk by announcing his nomination. 
Causing democratic joy and congratulation. 
Spencer Jarnagin and Ephraim Foster were both sent 
To the United States Senate, a Whig compliment. 
Cave Johnson was postmaster-general in Polk's cabinet, 
A most efficient, well rounded man, a favorite, 
•One of Tennessee's greatest men, gave service substantial, 
Such as judicial, congressional, and financial. 
•General Jackson entertained two hundred guests at dinner 
In a field near the Hermitage, including the winner. 



]^Q2 TENNESSEE CENTENNIAL POEM. 

Polk was a follower of Jackson, called ''Young Hickory," 

He obeyed Jackson's instructions, hence his victory. 

The annexation of Texas, the bone of contention, 

With General Jackson's influence, caused his election. 

The life of this grand old man was drawing to a close, 

Seven months from this date he closed his eyes in repose. 

He had been tendered an emperor's sarcophagus 

Brought from Palestine, that of Alexander Severus, 

But this honor he gratefully declined to accept — 

Was a Democrat both in example and precept. 

He had professed faith in Christ, joined the church at Hermitage,,. 

Now at seventy- eight years he ended his pilgrimage. 



At this time was pnblished the "Annals of Tennessee," 

By Dr. Ramsey, giving the complete history 

Of events and pioneers forming the settlement 

On Watauga until four years of State development. 

This is an able work, and is the best history 

Written of any State during this century. 

When the civil war began he had just completed 

A second volume; before it could be secreted, 

Together with other rare and valuable papers, 

The manuscript was destroyed by Union soldiers' capers. 

Dr. J. G. M. Ramsey was born in Tennessee, 

In Knox county, the first year of the State's history. 

He was of Scotch descent. His father was a pioneer, 

Secretary of Franklin Convention, and a volunteer. 

Dr. Ramsey was taught the rudiments of knowledge 

At home, and graduated from Washington College, 

He studied medicine with Dr. Joseph C. Strong, 

A pioneer physician, suffering all his life long. 

He attended lectures in Philadelphia, and bought 

A medical library from which many were taught; 

He was interested in internal improvements. 

Was the father of railroads here and other movements; 

Was trustee of two colleges, founded an academy, 

And wrote much on other subjects besides history. 



TENNESSEE CENTENNIAL POEM. IQ-I 

He was a Confederate, afterwards a refugee — 

No rebel at that time could live in East Tennessee. 

He lived eighty-seven years, death at length dividing 

The lives of a loving pair, past their golden wedding. 

Other prominent physicians in East Tennessee 

Were Drs. Cunningham, Nelson, Baker, and Dulaney. 

Three sons of the latter made medical reputation. 

Dr. Hodsdeu attended the Cherokee Nation; 

Dr. Carson of Jefferson, and Gillespie of Blount, 

With Hoyl, Crozier, Hugh Walker, and Dr. W. Hunt; 

Drs. Deadrick aud Mcintosh were the first that came; 

Two sons of the former have made medical fame. 

The Medical Society of Tennessee 

Was incorporated in Eighteen hundred and Thirty. 

Dr. James Roane, of Nashville, was its first president- — 

The last is Dr. Drake, a Chattanooga resident. 

During the last sixty years eminent physicians 

Have held in the society official positions. 

Drs. Paul Eve, Buchanan, Curry, and Dickinson, 

Douglass, Dickson, Ford, Evving, Goodlett, and Epperson, 

Hosliins, Hogg, Jennings, Gillespie, McNairy, and May 

Were some of the prominent physicians of their day. 



A. W. Putnam, born in Ohio, a great-grandson 

Of General Israel Putnam, his reputation won 

As author of the ''History of Middle Tennessee," 

Was president of the Historical Society. 

A lawyer, to literary pursuits devoted. 

He contributed to magazines, those most noted. 

In Eighteen Forty-five two candidates of renown 

Ran for governor, Ephraim Foster and Aaron V. Brown. 

Brown was a Democrat — had been always consistent, 

Foster was a Whig and an honorable resistant. 

Though when seuator he had voted against Texas. 

Brown now upbraids him on the stump, annoys and vexes 

With pathetic figures of speech and lofty flights. 

At all times climbing with Moses to Mount Pisgah's heights. 



104 TENNESSEE CENTENNIAL POEM. 

Sam Houston, of Texas, then visited Tennessee, 

And greatly influenced democratic victory. 

Aaron Vail Brown was born in the Old Dominion, 

His father moved to Tennessee, showing his opinion. 

That it was well to be a Virginian by birth, 

But Tennessee was the best place to live upon earth. 

He settled in Giles county ; the son was educated. 

From the "North State" University was graduated. 

He studied law in Nashville with Judge Trimble and obtained 

License to practice, but returned to Giles and remained. 

Polk lived in Maury, the adjoining county, so they formed 

A partnership, which years into real friendship warmed. 

He was often a member of the legislature. 

Supported all measures of a Jackson ian nature. 

He had served three terms in Congress, was now elected 

Governor, though Foster's vote showed that some objected. 

The war with Mexico began at this time and the name 

Of Tennessee as the "Volunteer State" confirmed the claim. 

Governor Brown called for twenty-eight hundred volunteers, 

Thirty thousand came, city men, townsmen, and mountaineers. 

The cause of the war was the west boundary line between 

Texas and Mexico ; this caused them to vent their spleen, 

When President Polk ordered General Taylor to hold 

In possession the strip of land of which he had been told. 

General Taylor obeyed, the Mexicans killed his guard, 

The battle of Palo Alto ensued with reward. 

At Resaca de la Pal ma the attack repeated. 

When the Mexican army was again defeated. 

The United States now declared war with Mexico, 

Several States opposed it and did not enlist or go. 

Leaving Matamoros Taylor captured Monterey 

After four days' fighting; " Rough and Ready" cleared the way 

He met Santa Anna's army of twenty thousand men 

At Buena Vista and was victorious again. 

General Scott captured Vera Cruz and at Cerro Gordo 

Was triumphant, then marched to the City of Mexico. 

Prudently resting his army till summer was passed. 

He gained five battles in one day, then prepared for the last. 



TENNESSEE CENTENNIAL POEM. 105 

Chapultepec was fortified, our mea scaled the ascent, 

The city surrendered and our army was content. 

Tennesseeans all fought bravely, some drew attention, 

And for valor deserve particular mention. 

W. T. Haskell, Colonel Campbell, and Wm. B. Bate, 

Who but twenty years old served through the war a private. 

Many others I could name rendered gallant service, 

But Gideon Johnson Pillow deserves special notice. 

He was born in Williamson county, Tennessee, 

And was a graduate of the University ; 

Studied law and practiced at the Columbia bar. 

And was brigadier-general in the jSIexican war. 

He served under both generals; when Vera Cruz surrendered. 

Was one of the commissioners to whom it was tendered. 

At Cerro Gordo he was wounded, ihen promoted to be 

Major-general for his conspicuous gallantry. 

At Cherubusco, Molino del Rey, Chapultepec, 

He fought and was severely wounded in the last attack. 

Was tried for insubordination and acquitted. 

Jealousy caused the accusation all admitted. 

After the Mexican war he resumed his law practice, 

Until the civil war brougcht him a^ain into notice. 



During the Mexican war an election took place 

For governor, which brought the two Browns face to face. 

Neil S. Brown, of Giles county, was the Whig nominee. 

And Aaron V. then the governor of Tennessee. 

After a heated contest Neil S. was elected 

Without political record to be inspected. 

He was a Tennesseean, born in Eighteen and Ten, 

Served in the Seminole war, the Florida campaign. 

After one term in the legislature, elector 

For Clay in Forty-four, an effective stump-speaker. 

Now governor two years, then Russian ambassador. 

Again in the legislature presiding officer. 

Was a member of the Constitutional Convention, 

And exerted himself for public education. 



106 TENNESSEE CENTENNIAL POEM. 

He died in Nashville, lived beyond three score years and ten, 
Amiable, efficient, one of our self-made men. 

Our senators then were Hopkins, Turney, and John Bell, 

Bell was a Whig^, what Turney was I cannot tell. 

John Bell was born near Nashville the first year of the State, 

At sev^enteen was a Cumberland College graduate. 

He settled in Franklin and from there was elected 

State senator, then retired ten years and collected, 

From law and literature, a fund of information 

That enabled him to gain his great reputation. 

He next appears in politics making the canvass 

Of the district against Felix Gundy for Congress. 

Bell was elected and remained twelve years in office, 

Was speaker one session of conspicuous notice ; 

Then secretary of war in Harrison's cabinet. 

Passed from State senator to United States Senate. 

As senator he represented the State twelve years. 

And as a presidential candidate next appears. 

He opposed secession, but went out with Tennessee, 

At seventy-two years of age death gave him liberty. 



CHAPTER VIII. 



1849-1861. 



Death of James K. Polk — William Trousdale, Governor — The Southern Con- 
vention — Andrew J. Donelson — William Campbell, Governor — Andrew John- 
son, Governor — Gustavus A. Henry — The State Capitol built — Knovv-Noth- 
ings — William Walker's Nicaragua expedition — Isham G. Harris, Governor — 
Kailroad men — Dr. Overton, Dr. Ramsey, Dr. Cunningham, E. W. Cole, M. 
Burns, Campbell Wallace— John Netherland's biography— Secession — Ten- 
nessee secedes from the Union. 

James K. Polk had served one term as chief of the Nation, 

He was not a candidate for renomination. 

He died three months after his retirement irom office, 

In the prime of life, having taken off his harness. 

James K. Polk deserves in the history of this State 

More credit than has been given him I estimate; 

' Tis said that Jackson caused his sudden elevation, 

'Twas discretion and energetic application. 

He was better known than was Lincoln, Cleveland, or Hayes, 

Joining with public sentiment he received public praise. 

While he was governor, Polk county was erected 

And named for the chief magistrate they had selected. 

His wife long survived him, and every demonstration 

Was shown her — respect, honor, love, appreciation. 

The Assembly of the State, on the first of every year. 

Called upon her in a body ; all others meeting there — 

Civil, ecclesiastical, and judicial — called; 

Military companies officially installed, 

Mexican veterans and distinguished visitors. 

All paid their respects attended by the regulars. 

The next canvass for the governorship of Tennessee, 
By Neil S. Brown and " the War hor.se of Sumner county," 
Cau.sed a reaction in State politics for two years. 
William Trousdale was elected in spite of the slurs 

107 



108 TENNESSEE CENTENNIAL POEM. 

Of William G. Browulow, the Whig champion aud teacher, 

Political editor and Methodist preacher. 

William Trousdale was a North Caroliuian by birth, 

Of Scotch-Irish descent, a man of sterling worth. 

His father moved to Tennessee when he was six years old. 

He left school for the Creek war and was a soldier bold ; 

At Peusacola and New Orleans he next appears, 

In the Seminole war, major-general of volunteers. 

He took part in four battles of the Mexican war. 

And at Chapultepec received two wounds as his share; 

Was brevetted brigadier-general by the president 

For gallant conduct to this battle incident. 

He served two years as governor, in Fifty-two was sent 

Minister to Brazil by Franklin Pierce, president. 

He lived eighty-two years, a long and useful life, 

Survived the civil war, but was too old for its strife. 



In Eighteen hundred and Fifty a convention met 

In Nashville and its proceedings caused general regret. 

Andrew Jackson Donelson brought about the meeting, 

Delegates from Southern States were extended greeting. 

The convention was composed of democratic leaders. 

The Whig party, of course, called them Southern seceders. 

"Squatter sovereignty," and the Missouri compromise, 

Were the questions concerning which they came to advise. 

The slavery question began to be agitated. 

And compromise on this subject was repudiated. 

Donelson retired and disapproved of its action ; 

The people amazed, called it a rebellious faction. 

Andrew Jackson Donelson was born in Tennessee 

And was graduated from West Point Academy. 

Was a lawyer and General Jackson's secretary 

While president, but inclined to be literary. 

To the Republic of Texas as minister was sent. 

Then minister to Prussia when Polk was president. 

He was also minister to Germany, but resigned, 

To be editor at Washington he was inclined. 



TENNESSEE CENTENNIAL POEM. IQQ, 

He left the Democratic party, and we next see 

Him with Fillmore as vice-presidential nominee. 

After this defeat he sought no other office, 

But returned after the war and practiced law in Memphis. 

In Eighteen Fifty-one William Campbell received 

The Whig nomination for gov^ernor ; they believed 

That he would redeem the State from the imputation 

Of advocating secession and nullihcation. 

Governor Trousdale opposed him ; both cast in the same mold, 

W^ere men of integrity, conservative and bold. 

Together they had fought on the plains of Mexico ; 

Now politely dealt each other a political blow. 

Campbell w^as elected, another reaction took place; 

The fatal Southern convention decided this race. 

William Campbell was born in Eighteen Seven near Nashville. 

Well educated, he studied law with Governor Campbell, 

His uncle, in Virginia, returned and was elected 

Attorney-general ; then in a few years selected 

As legislator, then as captain in Trousdale's command. 

Fought throughout the Seminole war with his gallant band. 

Then served four successive terms in Congress; he defeated 

General Trousdale twice — the last race no one competed. 

As colonel of the First Tennessee Regiment served 

In the Mexican war, nor from a duty swerved. 

He led the charge at Monterey, his troops raised our banner,. 

The stars and stripes upon her wall giving him honor. 

After the war he was judge of the fourth circuit court, 

Now elected governor, an office of import. 

He served two years, the last Whig governor selected. 

Four years later was to the circuit judgeship elected. 

He refused to join with his State in the civil war. 

Nor fought against brothers, leaving a fratricidal scar. 

In Sixty-five he was again elected to Congress, 

And died at sixty-six years of age while yet in office. 

At this time James C. Jones and A. O. P. Nicholson 
Were United States senators succeeded by Johnson. 



no TENNESSEE CENTENNIAL POEM. 

The next contest for gubernatorial succession 

Was between Gustavus A. Henry and Andrew Jolinson. 

Henry was a Whig, and there was now a division 

In that party, the slavery question caused the collision. 

Andrew Johnson, the tribune of the people, the masses. 

Was not popular with the standard-bearing classes. 

But the sovereigns heard him gladly and they believed him, 

They had trusted him before and he had not deceived them. 

His views on national questions were original ; 

He stood on his own platform an individual. 

Thus proceeding he was now elected governor 

Over Henry, known as Tennessee's " Eagle Orator." 

Andrew Johnson was born in Raleigh, Eighteen and Eight, 

Like Jackson and Polk was a native of the " North State." 

When ten years of age he was a tailor's apprentice ; 

His anxiety to learn attracted the notice 

Of a fellow workman, who taught him the alphabet ; 

He was taught to spell and read by an associate. 

He then worked twelve hours a day and studied at night ; 

A boy with such ambition will make a shining light. 

At eighteen years of age he conceived the notion 

To move to Tennessee, and with filial devotion 

Brought his mother to Greenville, where he worked and maintained 

Her in good condition as long as her life remained. 

After his marriage he was assisted by his wife 

With his studies before he entered political life. 

He was alderman three years, then mayor of the town, 

At twenty-seven was legislator of some renown. 

A Van Buren elector, then in the State Senate, 

With the " Immortal Thirteen " was first to begin it ; 

Who during the session prevented the election 

Of United States senator, a Whig selection. 

Then ten years in Congress still laboring for the masses. 

Was father of the "Homestead Law" — at last it passes. 

Now governor of the State, he united the strength 

Of the Democrats, and the Whig party destroyed at length. 



TENNESSEE CENTENNIAL POEM. HI 

Gustavus A. Henry iu Eighteen and Thirty-three 

Moved from Kentucky and settled in Clarksviile, Tennessee. 

He was five times for the State at large, Whig elector, 

In Eighteen Fifty a Tennessee legislator. 

In Fifty-three ran for governor and failed to win it 

But was elected to the Confederate Senate. 

As an orator he made a wide reputation, 

Chaste and brilliant in thought, with dignified declamation. 

The corner-stone of the capitol was by masons laid 

In Eighteen Forty-five, and the oration was made 

By Honorable Edwin H. Ewing, a man of import, 

A lawyer, congressman, and special judge of Supreme court. 

William Strickland was the architect who attested 

To its durability by having requested 

That his remains be placed within its walls when he died ; 

A monument to him, 'twas an honorable pride. 

Colonel Samuel D. Morgan received approjn-iations, 

Made from time to time by the State, and with calculations, 

Purchased the material to execute the ])lan ; 

The State required no bond from such a faithful, honest man. 

It required ten years to build it, and history relates, 

'Twas the finest public building in the United States. 

In Eighteen Fifty-five the " Know-ISothing" party appeared. 

As it acted in secret, it was publicly feared. 

It was opposed to foreigners holding office or trust. 

It died a natural death as all such parties must. 

Governor Johnson had served one term and offering met 

Meredith P. Gentry as opposing candidate. 

He was a Whig and by the *' Know-Nothiugs " supported ; 

They were not one and the same but often consorted. 

Andrew Johnson was again the successful candidate. 

At the close of his term was elected to the Senate 

Of the United States, where he made the reputation 

Of a Southern man deserting his State for the nation ; 

A State that had honored him for more than thirty years. 

Containing his home, his fireside, and all that endears. 



■^-^2 TENNESSEE CENTENNIAL POEM. 

Meredith P. Gentry, the defeated candidate, 

Moved with his father to Tennessee from the North State 

AVhen four years old, and settled in Williamson county. 

His advantages were limited, but with hard study 

He became well informed, and was gifted by nature. 

At twenty-six was elected to the legislature. 

There, as an orator he attracted attention, 

And after serving two terms secured his election 

To Congress, where he made a national reputation. 

He served fourteen years, then was given the Whig nomination 

For governor. Now defeated, he remained in the State ; 

AVhen she seceded he stood by her for good or ill fate. 

He was a member of the Confederate Congress 

And died in Sixty-six holding no other office. 



In Eighteen Fifty- six the Democrats carried the State, 

The slavery question now entered into every debate. 

The Kansas-Nebraska act had now become a law. 

Causing indignation in the North, which the South foresaw. 

Some farseeiug men who realized the situation. 

The downfall of slavery by continual agitation. 

Sought to add slave territory by expeditions. 

Against Cuba and Central American positions. 

William Walker, of Nashville, was one of the most noted, 

Brave, with natural talents, to the South devoted. 

He studied law and medicine, seeking harmony. 

But neither satisfied " the grey-eyed man of destiny." 

A journalist in New Orleans and San Francisco, 

He surrendered to officials at San Diego, 

When his first exploit failed. Was then tried and acquitted 

For violating neutrality laws ; not outwitted, 

He invaded Nicaragua and took Granada, 

And was made general of the forces of Nicaragua. 

He conquered Costa Rica, and when one year resident 

Of Nicaragua State was elected president. 

An insurrection arose, and driven by the fates. 

He returned for rest and safety to the United States. 



TENNESSEE CENTENNIAL POEM. 113 

He was thrice tried by Federal officials and released ; 
After each failure his desire for adventure increased. 
He sailed to Honduras where he was captured and sent 
To Truxillo, there shot by order of the president. 

In Fifty-seven, Robert Hattou and Isham G, Harris 

Were candidates for the gubernatorial office. 

They had each been electors and made reputation, 

But Hattou had the advantage of education. 

As a sturap-speaker, however, it was detected 

That Harris was superior, and was elected. 

Robert Hattou was born in Sumner county 

In Eighteen Twenty-seven, and was educated to be 

A lawyer at Harvard at twenty-two years of age ; 

Was a legislator at twenty-nine. We should not gauge 

His executive ability by his success, 

For in Fifty-eight he was elected to Congress. 

He served one term and joined the Confederate army, 

Where he at once made a re{»utation for bravery, 

For which he was to brigadier-general promoted, 

And soon killed in battle — was to the South devoted. 

Isham G. Harris is still living; was born — forsooth 

I cannot tell, for he maintains perpetual youth. 

He was born, however, in the State of Tennessee, 

Though was a clerk in a store awhile in Mississippi, 

Where he studied law at night after working all day. 

Such ambitious boys will succeed anywhere, alway. 

His brother. Judge William Harris, of the Supreme court. 

Pursued the same course and became a man of import. 

Another brother prepared for ministerial work. 

And was an able preacher in the Methodist kirk. 

Isham G. Harris at twenty-nine had made progress; 

When six years a lawyer was elected to Congress. 

Was re-elected, after which declined the office. 

And in Eighteen Fifty-three he removed to Memphis. 

He was on Buchanan's ticket as State elector. 

And now appears the first West Tennessee governor. 



^l^ TENNESSEE CENTENNIAL POEM. 

He served with approbation three terms iu succession ; 
During the war was aid to Albert Sidney Johnston. 
He served in the Western army after Johnston's death ; 
When the war closed he feared to lived on his native heath. 
He spent one year in Mexico then returned to Memphis, 
Where until Seventy-six he engaged in law practice ; 
Then he was elected to United States Senate — 
While he desires the office no one else can win it. 



We have traced the progress of the State for sixty years 

And noted public men and measures it appears ; 

Pioneers, soldiers, farmers, preachers, politicians. 

Teachers, historians, bank officers, physicians, 

AVith judges of superior and Supreme court ; 

Another class I introduce of equal import — 

Railroad men who exerted their energy and zeal 

For the State's improvement, and with eloquent appeal 

Canvassed counties, towns and cities for the enterprise. 

Many ridiculed their schemes, while others would advise. 

Dr. James Overton, a man of sagacity, 

A genius, for once, with business capacity, 

Wanted to build a railroad (they thought he was frantic) 

From Nashville to Chattanooga and Western Atlantic. 

They ridiculed the man, called him a "hocus-pocus"; 

They could not see Chattanooga as the grand focus 

At which must converge the lines of the Southern States trade, 

And with this road such communication could be made. 

He failed, and was called "Old Chattanooga" till he died — 

A name of mockery, I now point to it with pride. 

Extolling his wisdom, sagacity, and foresight, 

'Tvvas his misfortune to be gifted with a hidden light. 

Looking ahead and sowing seed that would germinate 

And bring forth fruit enhancing the riches of the State. 

Dr. J. G. M. Ramsey was in the same position; 

He was called an enemy to river navigation. 

His heart's desire was a road from Charleston to Knoxville ; 

'Twas surveyed but the panic brought it to a standstill. 



TENNESSEE CENTENNIAL POEM. 115 

Failing in this with Dr. Cunuiughani united, 

Undertook another which in ten years requited — 

The East Tennessee and Georgia, finished in fifty-eight, 

With Dr Cunningham president to compensate. 

These three were physicians, men of skill and of learning. 

With active, progressive minds, the future discerning. 

Edmund W. Cole, horn in Giles county, Tennessee, 

Is a prominent railroad man of ability. 

Losing his father in childhood, his education 

Was limited. He's a self-made man by application. 

His first work was farming, then clerk in a clothing store ; 

As his position advanced his salary was more. 

In Fifty-one, when but twenty-one years old, was made 

General bookkeeper, a laborious office well paid. 

Of the Nashville and Chattanooga Railroad. He served 

Six years, was then made superintendent as deserved. 

This position he held until Fort Donelson fell. 

Nashville was evacuated, everything pellmell. 

Being a Confederate, he moved to the Empire State 

Of the South — to Georgia, where he lived till Sixty-eight, 

When he was elected president of his old road. 

The Nashville and Chattanooga ; then he moved back *' for good." 

With the Nashville and Northwestern he extended his line 

To the Mississippi river, the first grand design — 

Now the Nashville, Chattanooga and St. Louis Railway ; 

Over this line he presided twelve years faithfully. 

Several branch roads were built under his administration; 

For other railroad work he formed a combination. 

He bought an interest in several roads and thus controlled 

Two thousand miles of territory — a venture bold. 

Of the State road, of Georgia, he was long a lessee ; 

Was elected president of the East Tennessee, 

Virginia and Georgia Railroad when Wilson resigned, 

And can control any other to which he's inclined. 

Michael Burns, a native of Ireland, deserves mention ; 
A railroad man of ability, without pretension. 



IIQ TENNESSEE CENTENNIAL POEM. 

Left au orphan at nine years of age, he emigrated 
To America and is to be congratulated 
On the rank he has taken in his community, 
Attained by industry without opportunity. 
He came to Nashville in Thirty-six and began trade 
As a saddler, with small capital, but he soon made 
His business a success, enlarged and added together 
Saddlery, hardware, coach ware, and all kinds of leather, 
He became a prosperous merchant, finally retired. 
For his business methods and integrity admired. 
He was president of the Bank of Tennessee six years; 
A director in railroads — responsible cares. 
When the civil war broke out he was vice-president 
Of the Nashville and Northwestern road; the president 
Being without the lines, he assumed the management 
And secured the aid of the Federal government, 
Amounting to four million dollars in all received; 
'Twas finished for Federal benefit, then they believed. 
At the close of the war it was at once surrendered 
To Mr. Burns, who adroitly managed and tendered 
It to the State, and with scrupulous fidelity 
Accounted for all funds, showing great ability. 
While many became rich off the blood of the nation, 
His conduct deserves the State's highest commendation. 



Another Tennesseean who gained railroad distinction 

Was Major Campbell Wallace of honorable mention. 

Major Wallace was born in Sevier county, Tennessee, 

In Eighteen hundred and Six; was of Scotch ancestry. 

His grandfather was a soldier in the Revolution, 

And was one of the first magistrates given commission 

In Sevier and Blount counties at their organization. 

His father, Jesse W^allace, had qualification 

For business, and placed his son at fourteen years of age 

With Charles McClung & Sons of Knoxville, who knew the gauj 

And capacity of young men for such a position. 

Educated as well as his compeers and condition. 



TENNESSEE CENTENNIAL POEM. HJ 

He was faithful and became a partner in the business, 

Which for twenty years he continued with success. 

He succeeded Judge Hugh liawson White as trustee 

In East Tennessee Institute and University. 

Was trustee for the Deaf and Dumb Asylum and met 

Its financial obligations till it was free from debt. 

In Eighteen Fifty-three he accepted the position 

Of president of our railroad in a bad condition. 

'Twas finished and extended under his management. 

He ably assisted the Confederate government, 

By transporting troops through the East Tennessee section. 

'Tis said that Governor Harris telegraphed the question: 

"Can you transport Duncan's battalion in time for attack?" 

Major Wallace replied: "Yes, or I'll die on the track!" 

He transported Bragg's men — sixty thousand in ten days — 

On his retreat from Kentucky, and received great praise. 

When the war closed, like many others from East Tennessee, 

He sought a home in Georgia — one of security. 

He was pardoned by President Johnson, an old friend ; 

In Bartow county he farmed awhile, his fortune to mend. 

In Sixty-six accepted a railroad position — 

President of Western Atlantic ; its condition 

Was run down; he restored it, but had much work to do, 

And in a short while it paid the State a good revenue. 

He resigned when Bullock was elected governor. 

Was then of an Alabama road general manager. 

Was president of a bank; then tendered the position 

As president of Georgia's first railroad commission. 

He held the scales of justice with a firm and steady hand, 

Both shipper and carrier agreed to his demand. 

This position, after several years' service, he resigned. 

And spent the evening of his life at home as inclined. 

He was fifty years elder in the Presbyterian kirk; 

For twenty years I witnessed his efficient church work. 

He died in Atlanta at eighty-nine years of age, 

Loved by all and regarded as her Nestor, her sage ! 



118 TENNESSEE CENTENNIAL POEM. 

In Fifty-nine Governor Harris was renominated. 

The Wiiigs and Know-Nothings having affiliated, 

Selected John Netherland, of Hawkins, standard-bearer — 

No better stump-speaker, none with reputation fairer. 

John NetherUind was born in Eighteen hundred and Eight 

In Virginia, and when three years old came to this State. 

His family settled in Sullivan at Kingsport, 

Known as Long Island, the boat yard, a place of import. 

In due time he graduated from Washington college; 

From Judge Samuel Powell received his legal knowledge. 

First elected State senator, then legislator, 

Was on two occasions presidential elector. 

In Eighteen Fitty-one a legislator again. 

He was now defeated by Harris in this campaign. 

He voted for the Union when the State seceded. 

And after the war in Hawkins county was needed 

To prevent Federal soldiers, who were Hushed with success, 

From imposing on Confederates then in distress. 

Was a member of the Constitutional Convention, 

And President Johnson offered him the position 

Of minister to Bolivia, which he declined ; 

Practicing law at home then better suited his mind. 

He died at Rogersville at eighty-two years of age, 

Leaving an unsullied name — a rich heritage. 



In Eighteen Sixty Lincoln, as ordered by the fates, 

Was elected president of the United States, 

An abolitionist, to whom the South objected ; 

They believed for this reason he had been elected. 

The Southern States began to secede, and delegates 

Assembled and organized the Confederate States. 

Their representatives had left Washington ; Johnson remained, 

The only Southern Democrat who secession disdained. 

The war begun with the authorities at Washington, 

When they sent the hostile fleet styled the "Relief Squadron," 

To reinforce Fort Sumter with orders of mistrust, 

Peaceably if permitted, "but forcibly if they must." 



TENNESSEE CENTENNIAL POEM. 119 

Beauregard fired on Sumter when he knew this fleet was near, 
To prevent being exposed to tire from front and rear. 
Tennessee hesitated — she was loath to depart, 
She had fought for the nation — the flag was dear to her heart. 
But when Lincoln called for troops to chastise her sisters, 
She voted for secession and joined the resisters. 



CHAPTER IX. 



1861-1866. 



Tennessee joins the Southern Confederacy — The war History — Biography of some 
of the leading spirits in Tennessee — Andrew Johnson, Military Governor — 
Biographies of Generals Polk and Stewart. 

On the twenty fourth of June, Eighteen and Sixty-one, 

Governor Harris dissolved the ties — proclaimed them undone, 

Which had bound Tennessee to the United States. 

An election was held for congressional delegates 

To the Confederate States, a governor selected; 

Governor Isham G. Harris was re-elected 

Without opposition, and to properly begin it, 

Two orators were sent to the Confederate Senate — 

Gustavns A. Henry and Landon C. Haynes, then famed, 

Descended from a pioneer for whom he was named. 

The congressmen were William G. Snow, F. A. Keeble, 

A. S. Colyar, W. H. Tibbs, Joseph B. Heiskell, 

E. L. Gardenhire, Henry S. Foote, John P. Murray, 

James McCollum, John V. Wright, Meredith P. Gentry, 

George W. Jones, J. D. C. Atkins, Thomas Menees, 

Michael McCluskey, these were first and second congress. 

It is said that William H. Dewitt served the first year; 

His name does not on the Confederate record appear. 

Peter Turney, feeling that soldiers would be needed 

Raised the First Regiment before the State seceded. 

There were three Tennessee regiments, each claiming to be first — 

Turney 's, Maney's and Preston Smith's, raised at the outburst 

Of the war. Preston Smith at length held to his old score. 

The number of his militiamen one fifty-four. 

Maney's soldiers were half from Davidson neighborhood, 

The rest from other counties of the State just as good. 

They fought in every department, met with good and ill fate, 

In Virginia, Tennessee, Georgia, and in the North State. 

120 



TENNESSEE CENTENNIAL POEM. 121 

From "Carter to Shelby" regiments were organized, 

Old men, and young men ; Johnson and Browiilow were surprised 

At the number who volunteered from East Tennessee, 

Where they calculated to hold complete sovereignty. 

The Twenty-ninth, Nineteenth, Fifty-ninth and Sixty-first, 

The Seventy-sixth, Thirty-fifth, Third and Thirty-First, 

Thirty-seventh, Sixtieth, Sixty-second, Sixty-third, 

With engineer companies and the Forty-third, 

Together with several regiments of cavalry. 

From what I remember to have been their summary, 

Tennessee furnished one-sixth of the Confederate force. 

And thirty-one thousand Union men took the other course. 

Yes, sons of one father, who had nursed the same mother. 

Were formed in battle, face to face, fighting each other. 

The roll of honor begins with the private soldier. 

None were truer to principle, nobler or bolder. 

A roster of their names I could not write or obtain, 

But here's to their momory, survivor and slain ! 

In Tennessee where so much division was noted 

Both sides were ecjually to their country devoted. 

The Confederate generals who attained distinction 

Were the following and deserve honorable mention : 

N. B. Forrest and A. P. Stewart, lieutenants-general, 

N. B. Forest enlisted as lieutenant-colonel. 

Next Major-Generals William B. Bate and John C. Brown, 

And Major-Generals Frank Cheatham and J. P. McCown. 

The brigadiers were George Gordon, William E. Jackson, 

Felix K. Zollicoffer and Robert M. Hatton, 

Gideon J. Pillow and William H. Jackson, 

Marcus J. Wi*ight, Henry Rains and Bushrod R. Johnson, 

Frank M. Walker, R. C. Tyler and E. A. Jackson, 

AVilliam H. Carroll, Preston Smith, Daniel S. Donelson, 

John C. Yaughau, Parmer, Humphrey Bate, Thomas K. Jackson, 

Thomas B. Smith, George Maney, Samuel R. Anderson, 

Cadmus M. Wilcox, J. M. Quarles, Armstrong, Ledbetter, 

Of these two last names [ know not the first letter. 

A name that deserves a prominent place on fame's roll. 

Is Samuel Davis, a hero with a great heart and soul. 



122 TENNESSEE CENTENNIAL POEM. 

A private in the First Kegimeut of Teuuessee, 

Who died on the scaffold for the Confederacy. 

When the cause of the South was sinking, yes almost lost, 

To aid his general, crossed the lines of the Federal host. 

He gathered information from one wearing the blue. 

Near home was captured, but remained honorable and true. 

Could have had life and freedom, by betraying the source, 

Of knowledge obtained, maps, special data, and the course 

The Federals would take, but could not buy life at such a price, 

And died for his Southland, suffering for this device. 

'Tis said that slaveholders were confined to seceders, 
There were many slave owners who were Union leaders. 
'Tis true that slavery was the principal question. 
But States rights and the Union deserve special mention. 
W. G. Brownlow, Horage Maynard, Andrew Johnson, 
Connolly Triggs, X. G. Taylor, Thomas A. R. Nelson, 
William B. Carter, John Netherland, O. P. Temple, 
Emerson Etheridge, Thomas Arnold, William Campbell, 
And James P. McDowell, with a number of others. 
Were the leading spirits among our Union brothers. 
After the conscript law was passed those refused to fight 
Who held to the Union, so to escape they took flight 
And with organized regiments joined the Federal army 
And fought throughout the war distinguished for their bravery. 
The Tennessee Federal generals were Joseph Cooper, 
Alvin Giilem, James Spears, William Campbell, Samuel Carter, 
Andrew Johnson, William Smith, George Spaulding, James Brown- 
low. 
These three last were brevetted from a colonelcy below. 

Tennessee was fated a continual battle-ground. 

Next to Virginia the number of her battles have been found 

To exceed those fought in any of the other States. 

Both armies at the same time took possession of her gates. 

We cannot recount the battles of the whole war through. 

It is only with Tennessee that we have to do. 



TENNESSEE CENTENNIAL POEM. 123 

As she was theu opeu to the whole Federal force, 

General Albert Sidney Johnston assnmed a bold course, 

And occupied Bowling Green, Kentucky, with his men. 

A well selected position, Johnston thought so then. 

With General Buckner in command 'twas strongly fortified. 

Johnston appealed for troops and arms but both were denied. 

Generals Pillow, Stewart, and Polk were in West Tennessee 

With a force in Columbus and Hickman, Kentucky. 

General Grant attacked them at Belmont and met with reverse, 

Successful at first, his troops were compelled to disperse. 

General Felix ZoUicoffer was near Cumberland Gap; 

General Crittenden in East Tennessee had the mishap 

To attack General Thomas without orders, self-willed, 

And ZoUicoffer, while trying to aid him, was killed. 

This battle of Fishing Creek surrendered to the foe. 

The whole of Eastern Kentucky whether they would or no. 

Felix ZoUicoffer, courtly, chivalrous, and brave. 

Was a native of Tennessee, the State he died to save. 

He was born in Maury county. Eighteen Twelve, and became 

A printer; this was his stepping-stone on the road to fame. 

At seventeen he edited a paper at Paris. 

He next appears in the Knoxville Register office. 

Published the "Columbia Observer," was State printer. 

Then soldier in the Seminole war one winter. 

As editor of the Nashville Banner his light shone. 

Until throughout the State he was favorably known. 

W^as comptroller, then State senator, and next was noted 

As a member of Congress, to the South devoted. 

Was a delegate to the Peace Congress, nothing was done ; 

Then Confederate brigadier when the war begun. 

One of the bright stars in the Tennessee constellation, 

An example to this and every generation. 



The Federals next directed their operations 
Against Forts Henry and Donelson, important station;- 
The cause of this movement I attribute to its source, 
Not to good generalship, but to a woman of course — 



124 TENNESSEE CENTENNIAL POEM. 

To Anna Ella Carroll, a daughter of Maryland, 

Whose patriotic services were then in demand. 

A descendant of Charles Carroll of CarroUton, her name 

Has long deserved to be written on the roll of fame. 

'Tis said that when Maryland was about to secede. 

That she issued a pamphlet and did forcibly plead 

The cause of the Union ; this attracted attention. 

And Lincoln gave her a silent cabinet position. 

The generals thought that the Mississippi river 

Was the point to attack, but she was sent, however, 

To St. Louis to ascertain by intuition 

As to the success or failure of this expedition. 

She decided and reported that the Tennessee 

Was the river to attack, not the Mississippi ; 

That it marked the strategic line, was not fortified. 

When she presented her plan the Secretray replied : 

" Miss Carroll, I believe that you have solved the question." 

Lincoln was delighted but was careful not to mention 

To the general who assisted in carrying out the scheme 

That a woman caused the move. They did not for once dream 

Why they were ordered to move as they did, and received, 

All the credit for the movement, which has been believed 

For thirty- four years. Honor to whom honor is due; 

If Lincoln had not been killed she would have received it too. 

We know the result. Fort Henry fell but sent its strength 

To Donelson, which was compelled to surrender at length. 

But Generals Floyd, Pillow, and Forrest, with most of their men^ 

Managed to make their escape and were heard from again. 

These disasters compelled Johnston to unite his forces 

In Northern Mississippi to obtain resources. 

General Polk had fortified Island No. 10; 

After three weeks' resistance surrendered guns and men. 

The battle of Shiloh or Pittsburg Landing was next fought; 

At last a Federal victory, though 'twas dearly bought. 

Here Albert Sidney Johnston was killed, Beauregard took charge, 

And gave up Corinth, the Federal forces were too large. 

A fight on the Mississippi caused the fall of Memphis, 

But the State funds and archives, left there by Governor Harris 



tp:nne8see centennial poem. 125 

Were withdrawn before martial law was proclaimed by Grant, 

Wbose ruling did all civil authority supplant. 

Andrew Johnson was then made military governor, 

Whose despotic reign gave us a taste of emperor. 

General Buell, with headquarters at Nashville, tried to wrest 

East and Middle Tennessee, as Grant had done with West. 

Morgan seized Cumberland Gap and Mitchell tried to hold 

All below Chattanooga, an attempt very bold. 

Bragg succeeded Beauregard and resolved to proceed 

To Chattanooga. Buell raced with him, but his speed 

Enabled him to reach there first and reorganize 

His forces for a movement which was then a surprise. 

General X. B. Forrest, with two thousand men, skirmished 

Near Murfreesboro, until he had captured and furnished 

Stores and supplies worth more than a million dollars, 

With seventeen hundred prisoners, thus starring his collars. 

After various exploits he joined Bragg's position, 

Leaving Buell to better his force and condition. 

Bragg moved to Kentucky and was by Buell pursued. 

And at Perryville in due time a battle ensued. 

Where each claimed the victory, thought he had defeated ; 

Each simultaneously to a safe place retreated. 

If Buell had been victorious then why needed, 

He to have been so soon by Rosecrans superseded ? 



Nathan Bedford Forrest, a native of Tennessee, 

Was born in Eighteen Twenty-one in Bedford county. 

His father moved to Mississippi and soon after died. 

While he was young. When twenty- one years of age he tried 

Planting, which he followed at Hernando for ten years. 

Then moved to Memphis. When the war broke out it appears 

He became a soldier in the Confederate army. 

And raised and equipped a regiment of cavalry. 

He escaped from Fort Donelson before it surrendered ; 

Was at Shiloh and Murfreesboro, afterwards tendered 

The office of brigadier-general, which he deserved. 

At Chickamauga and Missionary Ridge he served. 



;[26 TENNESSEE CENTENNIAL POEM. 

He was transferred to Mississippi and promoted 

To a major-generalsiiip, and afterwards noted 

For his capture of Fort Pillow in Eighteen Sixty-four. 

Then became lieutenant-general — he had but one more 

Step to take on the ladder of military fame 

When the war closed. Military men point to his name 

As the greatest genius the civil war produced. 

After the war he lived, his circumstances reduced, 

In Memphis, where he was for several years president 

Of the Memphis, Marion and Selma road, but with consent, 

In Eighteen hundred and Seventy-four resigned the office. 

And died three years later in the city of Memphis. 



The battle of Stone's river was about such an engagement 

As the one at Perry ville, a mutual retirement. 

The Federals claimed the victory, said it was due 

To the generalship of Rosecrans and Thomas to. 

Bragg was at Shelby ville and Tullahoma established; 

Fortified for the winter, his army not vanquished. 

No battles of consequence for six months more were fought, 

Though Forrest, when at leisure, two thousand prisoners brought. 

He captured Coburn's whole force near to Thompson's Station ; 

His exploits kept the Federals in consternation. 

In June, Sixty-three, Rosecrans proceeded to attack 

Bragg in his position ; after fighting Bragg fell back 

Until he reached Chattanooga, the point he desired. 

Rosecrans for his bloodless victory was much admired. 

The Federals now had command of Middle Tennessee ; 

The Confederates under Buckner held supremacy 

In East Tennessee until August, Eighteen Sixty-three, 

When he evacuated that point with propriety. 

At Knoxville he collected his entire command 

And moved to Chattanooga, where he was in demand. 

General Burnside marched to Knoxville and took possession ; 

Old men who remained there, known to favor secession. 

Were subject to all kinds of annoyance and behest, 

And ministers of the gospel were put to the test. 



TENNESSEE CENTENNIAL POEM. 127 

An instance I mention of one not a politician, 

Who was arrested on account of a petition 

He offered to the throne of grace, as he was wont to do, 

For the ruler of his Southland — no more than was due : 

^^Bless thy servant, the president of the Confederate States." 

He was arrested and sent at once without the gates! 

Joseph Hamilton Martin, from that time a refugee, 

Was a native of Jefferson county, Tennessee, 

Born in Eighteen Twenty-five, of Scotch-Irish descent. 

On obtaining an education he was so intent, 

That at fourteen years of age he was prepared for college. 

And at East Tennessee University sought knowledge. 

As a boy among men he entered the freshman class, 

And leaving, delivered the valedictory address. 

During his college course he was self-dedicated 

To the gospel ministry, and when graduated. 

In New York made the preparation necessary 

In three years at the Theological Seminary. 

He then started on his life-work with energy and zeal ; 

To the seamen of New Orleans made his first appeal. 

To the church of Huntsville, Alabama, preached one year, 

Then resigned to visit Europe and Ireland, still dear 

As the home of his forefathers, where he much improved. 

His first charge after his return, one he dearly loved. 

Was the Second Presbyterian church at Knoxville, the same 

Where he remained thirteen years preaching in the name 

Of Jesus Christ, and leading a blameless Christian life. 

The last man who would have joined in political strife. 

Cast out, he went to Athens, Georgia, with his family, 

Then labored two years and a half preaching faithfully 

In South Carolina, then to Virginia was called, 

And pastor of the Presbyterian church installed 

At VVytheville. From there to Mossy Creek, East Tennessee, 

He preached a while in Jefferson, his native county; 

He was then called to Atlanta, Georgia, his last charge, 

Where his congregations were appreciative and large. 

He served ten years, his health failed, he resigned his pastorate. 

And five years later he received the welcome mandate. 



128 TENNESSEE CENTENNIAL POEM. 

^' Come, ye blessed of my Father, enter into the joy " 
Prepared for those who love me, pleasure without alloy ! 
Dr. Martin was a poet, published many gems. 
He loved his native Tennessee, and one of his themes, 
*' Chattanooga," in blank verse, deserves preservation ; 
It received, when published, the highest commendation. 
Two were published in book form, one bearing the tide 
Of " Smith and Pocahontas," a love-story recital ; 
The other " The Declaration of Independence," 
His centennial poem of musical cadence. 
'Tis well to turn aside from warfare, carnage, and death 
To recount the life of one who loved his native heath. 



Ilosecrans began to collect his forces and supplies 

In order to attack Bragg. Chattanooga was the prize. 

He advanced in detachments towards the front and the rear, 

Bragg's communications threatened, he began to fear. 

So he withdrew to Lafayette, Georgia, twenty miles. 

The North was enthusiastic, knowing not his wiles. 

Rosecrans, deceived and anxious for immediate action, 

" Completely lost his habitual circumspection." 

He pushed forward his scattered corps to cut off Bragg's flight ; 

If Bragg had been obeyed he would have been in a sad plight. 

Thomas, the " Rock of Chickamauga," saved him first and last ; 

Both sides see their mistakes after thirty-three years past. 

In Chickamauga Valley they met in deadly strife. 

The bloodiest battle, greatest sacrifice of life 

During the war. The losses were not, as stated, equal. 

But a Confederate victory was the sequel. 

Rosecrans retreated to Chattanooga in confusion, 

He knew he was defeated, it was no illusion. 

He took refuge behind Bragg's defense, gained his strength. 

And was superseded by General Thomas at length. 

Bragg sent Longstreet to Knoxville to look after Burnside, 

And, with weakened army. Missionary Ridge occupied. 

General Grant reached Chattanooga with men and supplies. 

And forced Bragg from his position — 'twas quite a surprise. 



TENNESSEE CENTENNIAL POEM. 129 

Lookout Mountain was abandoned, not taken by force, 

The Confederates on the Ridge were defeated of course. 

Longstreet attacked Burnside, the battle of Knoxville ensued ; 

He was repulsed, and his way to Morristown pursued. 

After spending the winter there he joined General Lee, 

Bragg moved to Georgia, leaving the Federals Tennessee. 

Forrest, Wheeler, and Morgan made a raid now and then ; 

At the battle of Rogers ville Jones captured stores and men. 

Johnston succeeded Bragg, and during four months' campaign. 

From Dalton to Atlanta, the Federals did not gain 

One of the continuous battles or position, 

Until Johnston moved on to better his condition. 

In the meantime Johnston was superseded by Hood, 

Who changed the plan of battle, but did the cause no good. 

After losing Georgia he returned to Tennessee, 

The battle of Franklin was fought, of sad memory. 

Where gallant General Pat Cleburne lay dead on the field, 

And Strahl, Adams, Gist, and Granbury death forced to yield. 

At the battle of Nashville Hood's army was defeated, 

And with sad hearts these gallant heroes then retreated 

Southward to join Johnston and prepare for another fight, 

Willing to die " in the last ditch " for what they thought was right. 

The Federals paid for their position, many were laid low, 

As the cemeteries in this State still plainly show. 

Meanwhile General Lee surrendered and brought to a close 

This fratricidal war, giving us promise of repose. 

For courage and daring the Confederate soldier was famed. 

Whether from Tennessee or any other State named ! 

The annals of time will not present from age to age 

A record of braver deeds on any history's page ! 

But grand as her men were, with Spartan heroes classed, 

They were by their wives and daughters in grandeur surpassed ! 

The story of their privation will never be heard, 

For they endured it alone without a murmuring word. 

They were delicately reared, but managed farm and field. 

Supported their families and sent the surplus yield 



J 30 TENNESSEE CENTENNIAL POEM. 

To supply the army- Theu sewed, knitted, wove, and spun. 

Nursed the sick, wounded, and dying when their work was done. 

At the close of the war, when husbands, sons, and brothers 

Returned to their homes, wives, sisters, daughters, and mothers 

Cheered their despondent hearts, bade them be patient and trust 

In the God of their fathers, while they gathered the dust 

Of every Confederate hero killed in the battle; 

With others they had nursed till they heard the death-rattle 

In the hospitals. They then prepared them such a grave 

As wives and daughters of heroes can give to the brave. 

Then onward they toiled nobly, by patriotism led, 

Till monuments marked these graves of Confederate dead. 

A matron of Georgia, one with a sad, widowed heart. 

Petitioned the Southland that a day be set apart 

To cover these graves with flowers, the heart's offering, 

The annual memorial of their suffering. 

Throughout the South when this sad day returns in the spring, 

Fair ones assemble together and lovingly bring 

Bright flowers, immortelles, evergreens, the laurel, and bay, 

And on each patriot grave they proudly, reverently lay 

Affection's offering to valor. This done they sever. 

Southern women will do so forever and ever. 



This harrowing chapter in Tennessee history 

I fain would pass by, for it brings to my memory 

How the returning Confederate soldiers were distressed, 

And Federal soldiers victorious their homes impressed. 

Even churches were taken that our fathers had built 

And consigned to the victors — blood continued to be spilt! 

Harmless preachers were beaten, taken out, tied to trees, 

And left exposed all night until they would almost freeze. 

Jacob Smith still lives; he was nearly beaten to death. 

And has not for thirty years " spoken above his breath." 

But we have accepted, in good faith, the war's settlement. 

And Tennessee, as of yore, is loyal to government. 

Leonidas Polk, although not born in Tennessee, 

Was here made a bishop ; he helped organize Sewanee, 



TENNESSEE CENTENNIAL POEM, 131 

The University of the South. When the war begun 
He accepted a commission — his church work was clone. 
From major to lieutenant-general was promoted, 
The remainder of his life was to war devoted. 
With gallantry from the beginning his office filled, 
And at Marietta by a cannon ball was killed. 

Alexander P. Stewart, a soldier of distinction, 

Is now one of the Chickamauga Park commission. 

He was born in Rogersville, Hawkins county, Tennessee, 

And graduated from West Point in Eighteen Forty-three. 

After teaching two years he resigned and was processor 

In two universities at Nashville, then surveyor. 

Was a Confederate brigadier in Sixty-one, 

And made lieutenant-general before the war was done. 

He fought in all the battles of the western army. 

And in every engagement was distinguished for bravery. 

He was chancellor of Oxford University, 

Is now a park commissioner of authority. 



CHAPTER X. 



1866-1879. 

Andrew Johnson, President — Brownlow, Governor — Disfranchisement Act — Ten- 
nessee readmitted into the Union — Kukhix Klan — DeWitt Senter, Governor 
— Constitutional Convention — Supreme Court — Biography of Judges — John 
C. Brown, Governor — New counties formed — Harace Maynard — General 
Cheatham — Public education begun — The State University at Knoxville — 
Governor Porter— Death of Andrew Johnson — Judge D. M. Key — Governor- 
Albert Marks. 

Andrew Johnson often tried with his war element 

To move the machinery of State government, 

But the power he desii'ed would not lend assistance. 

They submitted to him without offering resistance. 

In Sixty-four he was vice-president elected, 

And W. G. Brownlow was for governor selected. 

'Twas during the war and those to their State devoted 

Were fighting her battles and only one side voted. 

William Gannoway Brownlow was a Virginian born, 

At twelve years old his parents were by death from him torn. 

At eighteen he became a house carpenter's apprentice ; 

When of age enlisted in the itinerant service 

Of the Methodist church, and removed to Tennessee. 

He engaged for ten years in the gospel ministry. 

In Thirty-nine he located as the editor 

Of the " Whig/' which he at first published at Jonesboro, 

But removed to Knoxville. It had a large circulation. 

As a Union man his bitter denunciation 

Of the majority who had voted for secession 

Was fearful, both in sentiment and expression ! 

In November, Sixty-one, his paper was suppressed ; 

After hiding in the mountains, submitted to arrest; 

Was imprisoned three weeks, then at home under guard ; 

Was kept two months, then sent to Nashville to his reward.. 

132 



TENNESSEE CENTENNIAL POEM. 133 

He was a member of the Uuiou State Convention 

That revised the constitution to his notion. 

In Sixty-five was elected governor of the State ; 

Again in Sixty-seven, but with stormy debate. 

In Sixty-nine to United States Senate was sent ; 

At the close of his term returned to Knoxville content. 

He died two years later, had passed his three score and ten, 

One of Tennessee's prominent, remarkable men. 

His administration from first to last will remain 

A blot on this State ; may the like never be seen again ! 



David T. Patterson and Joseph Fowler were sent 

To the United States Senate, and the amendment 

Freeing the slaves was ratified by the legislature. 

The " Franchise Act," securing members for the future, 

Was passed with amendments causing much bitter feeling. 

From Brownlow's despotic rule there was no appealing. 

The " Disfranchise Act " was passed and an oath required — 

An oath of loyalty from every one who desired 

The privilege of voting, which no Southern man could take, 

A formula which no reasonable man would make. 

Tennessee was the first Southern State readmitted. 

The fourteenth amendment was passed before permitted. 

Two members were arrested and compelled by force, in fact, 

To be present that they could pass this odious act. 

Meanwhile President Lincoln was assassinated ; 

Andrew Johnson, vice-president, was inaugurated. 

Southern leaders feared from his past public expressions 

That he would punish all such for Southern transgressions. 

But he rose to that height that God had ordained him. 

Erased from his memory past acts that had pained him ; 

Pardoned all who had sought him, held in cheek all others 

Who were for afflicting his honest Southern brothers. 

When arraigned before hostile judges for violation 

Of his political guide of life — the constitution. 

He silenced his accusers and won by moral grandeur 

The praise of the world, and was acquitted from censure. 



134 TENNESSEE CENTENNIAL POEM. 

In Sixty-seven the Fifteenth amendment was passed, 

Allowing negroes to vote, with Brownlow's faction classed. 

During this year conservatives named a candidate 

Who opposed Brownlow for the office of chief magistrate — 

Emerson Etheridge, a Union man from first to last. 

Who tried to live peaceably where his lot was cast. 

He was born in Carolina, but moved to Tennessee 

When a boy. A man of prudence and integrity. 

In Eighteen Forty he was admitted to the bar ; 

As a Whig served three terms in Congress before the war; 

AVas clerk of the same body from Sixty-one to three ; 

Now defeated for the governorship of Tennessee. 

He was the choice of the majority, but to save life 

Withdrew from the canvass "to avoid conflict and strife." 

In Sixty-nine was elected to the State senate, 

But declined the nominaiion — knew they could not win it; 

When the Republicans offered him for governor 

Against Albert Marks, the Democratic competitor. 

He still lives an honored citizen of Tennessee, 

Delighted with the State's advancement and prosperity. 

Brownlow's " State Guards" enforced the " Franchise Law," his- 

" Force bill." 
He was re-elected, though not by the people's will. 
The State debt began to accumulate — no wonder 
With such rulers encouraging riot and plunder. 
The Kuklux Klan, a secret, oath-bound association, 
AVas organized at this time, causing consternation. 
They believed that action and reaction were equal, 
I conclude from the terror they caused in the sequel. 
Brownlow legislated against them, but no matter, 
They traveled at night and made belligerents scatter. 
Every act of violence, if committed before, 
Was attributed to the Kuklux, laid to their door. 
Brownlow organized " The Tennessee State Guards " and pro-- 

claimed 
Martial law to protect himself in the counties named : 
Jackson, Maury, Giles, Marshall, Laurence, Gibson, Madison, 
Among the best in the State, including Overton. 



TENNESSEE CENTENNIAL POEM. 135 

The Repul)licans, weakened by dissension, 

Met in May, Sixty-nine, at Nashville in convention. 

They nominated two candidates for governor, 

William B. Stokes and Governor DeWitt Clinton Senter. 

Brownlow had been elected United States senator, 

And Senter, the speaker of the senate, was governor. 

He issued certificates ; voters were protected. 

And supported by the Democrats, he was elected. 

DeWitt Clinton Senter was born in Tennessee, 

Eighteen hundred and Thirty-four in Mc^[inn county. 

His father was a prominent Methodist preacher, 

His grandfather was also a spiritual teacher. 

At Strawberry Plains academy was educated, 

His home was at Rutledge, Grainger county, located. 

At twenty-three was elected to the position 

Of State legislator three times in succession. 

During the war was a Union man outspoken, bold, 

Was imprisoned by the C\)nfederates and paroled. 

In Sixty-five was to the State senate elected, 

In Sixty-seven for speaker of senate selected ; 

Succeeded Brownlow as governor of Tennessee, 

Now elected by sixty thousand majority. 



The Democrats were in power, they had house and senate. 

For the first time since the war they had a voice in it. 

The civil rights amendment was by them rejected, 

A Constitutional Convention was elected 

In Eighteen Seventy, and the constitution revised ; 

Such changes were made as the popular vote advised. 

Reconstruction, that governmental purgatory 

Through which Southern States passed to federalistic glory, 

Was averted by submission, Brownlow's purgation 

Was enough for this State's political salvation. 

The Democrats at once Supreme judges elected, 

Six of Tennessee's prominent men were selected. 

Brownlow commissioned judges only two of import, 

Andrews and Milligau of the ''apocryphal" court. 



136 TENNESSEE CENTENNIAL POEM. 

The Supreme court was formed of six judges elected, 

The chief justice to be from their number selected. 

The court to sit at Knoxville, Nashville, and at Jackson ; 

The first chief justice chosen, A. O. P. Nicholson, 

Was born in Eighteen and Eight, Williamson county, Tennessee. 

Educated at North Carolina University, 

In Columbia he was admitted to practice ; 

Was three times elected to legislative office. 

Assisted Judge Caruthers in compiling State laws, 

And afterwards published a supplement to this cause. 

In Eighteen and Forty was United States senator. 

Of the Nashville Union was several years editor. 

Was elected senator again in Fifty-nine, 

But the secession of Tennessee caused him to resign. 

Was a member of the Constitutional Convention, 

For his part taken deserves honorable mention. 

He died while in office, one of the State's ablest men, 

A great lawyer and judge, equally great with his pen. 



James W. Deadrick, born in Jonesboro, Tennessee, 

Was educated at Knoxville and Danville, Kentucky. 

He married the granddaughter of that famous pioneer. 

Governor Shelby, of Kentucky, friend of John Sevier. 

He studied law with Judge Lucky and began practice 

In Jonesboro. He was first elected to office 

In Eighteen hundred and Fifty-one, State senator ; 

In Eighteen hundred and Sixty, district elector, 

On the Bell and Everett ticket. When the war began 

Sent sons to the Southern army — he was too old a man. 

In Eighteen Seventy under the new constitution 

He was elected to fill the honored position 

Of Supreme judge. In Seventy-six, when Judge Nicholson died. 

He was made chief justice by those who sat near his side. 

He served sixteen years, retired of his own volition. 

One of the most impartial who had filled this position. 

Conservative, patient, polite to the bar and court, 

A man of erudition and judicial import. 



.TENNESSEE CENTENNIAL POEM. I37 

He died in Eighteen Ninety at seventy-eight years of age, 
At his home in Jonesboro, ended his pilgrimage. 

Peter Tiirney sncceeded Judge Deadrick as chief justice, 

One of the most prominent men who hav'e held the office. 

Born in Eighteen Twenty-seven, Marion county, Tennessee, 

His father moved to Winchester in his infancy, 

Where he attended school and graduated in Nashville. 

He completed his law studies with Major Venable. 

He was licensed and began to practice at Winchester, 

Which he continued until he was an elector 

In Eighteen Sixty as a Breckinridge democrat. 

W^heu the State voted for the Union, in view of all that. 

He raised a regiment of soldiers and proceeded 

To the army of Virginia where he was needed. 

He was wounded at Fredericksburg; the ball entered his mouth. 

Passed through his neck, 'twas severe ; he was sent to the South, 

To Florida, a mild climate, of flowers the land ; 

When recovered he was then assigned a command. 

After the surrender he returned to his law practice. 

In Eighteen Seventy was elected to the office 

Of Supreme judge, which position he filled twenty-three years, 

A longer period than any of his compeers. 

He resigned to accept the distinguished position 

Of governor, which office he now fills with distinction. 

Horace H. Lurtou succeeded Judge Turney in office ; 

He had been seven years Supreme judge, was now chief justice. 

Judge Lurton was born in Campbell county, Kentucky, 

In Eighteen Forty-four, is of English ancestry. 

While a freshman at college war threatened his Southland. 

He left school at once and joined a Tennessee command. 

Was captured at Fort Donelson, confined at Camp Chase, 

But escaped and joined Morgan in a cavalry race. 

After doing good service he was again captured. 

And remained in prison till General Lee surrendered. 

At Cumberland University he took a law course. 

And began practice at Clarksville, showing legal force. 



138 TENNESSEE CENTENNIAL POEM. 

When thirty-one years old was appointed to the office 
Of chauceHor, but resigned and resumed his practice. 
In Eighteen Eighty-six was Supreme judge elected, 
And in Ninety-three was for chief justice selected. 
He served but two months, was then offered the position 
Of United States circuit judge to succeed Judge Jackson. 



Benjamin J. Lea succeeded Judge Lurton in office, 

And served until his death an honored chief justice. 

Judge Lea was born and educated in the North State 

In Eighteen and Thirty-three. When his studies Avere complete 

He removed to Brownsville, Haywood county, Tennessee, 

Studied law and was elected to the Assembly. 

He served throughout the war in the Confederate army, 

His Fifty-second Regiment was noted for bravery. 

After the war, at Brownsville, he continued his practice. 

In Eighteen Seventy-eight was elected to the office 

Of attorney-general and reporter ; served eight years. 

As speaker of the State senate he next appears. 

On the death of Judge Eolkes was elected to his office. 

Then succeeded Judge I^urton in turn as chief justice. 

He died in Ninety-four, had been on the bench four years, i 

His opinions were short, where much common sense appears. 



John Louis Taylor Sneed was a North Carolinian born. 

While very young he was made his mother's death to mourn. 

He then removed with his uncle to West Tennessee, 

Where he studied law and was sent to the Assembly. 

Was a soldier in the Mexican war, of the first rate, 

Then attorney-genera) for Memphis, and for the State. 

He served in the Confederate army two years, 

Then took charge of Tennessee's Confederate affairs. 

In Eighteen Seventy was elected to the position 

Of Supreme judge, then to the court of arbitration. 

Which relieved the Supreme court of its onerous cares. 

Those cases which had accumulated unawares. 



TENNESSEE CENTENNIAL POEM. l^Q/ 

When this court was succeefled by one of Referees, 
He was made the commissioner for East Tennessee. 
His opinions were poems beautifully rendered, 
Showing legal and classical learning engendered. 

Thomas A. R. Nelson, of Roane county, Tennessee, 

Was elected Supreme judge in Eighteen Seventy. 

In Knoxville, East Tennessee College, was educated. 

Where at sixteen years of age he was graduated. 

Studied law with Chancellor Williams and began to practice. 

In Elizabethton he first established his office. 

First attorney-general, then legislator elected. 

Was elector for both Clay and Taylor selected. 

In Fifty-eight he defeated Laudon Haynes for Congress, 

Where he showed his adaptation foi' legal business. 

Devoted to the Union, he was again elected. 

Admitted, and his congressional rights respected. 

After the war when Teunesseeans were tried beyond measure, 

Robbed of their rights as citizens, some of their treasure ; 

He boldly condemned acts of violent oppression 

And nobly served those who had voted for secession. 

When Andrew Johnson was impeached he joined in his defense,. 

And displayed great patriotism and eloquence. 

The work of Supreme judge was not suited to his mind, 

'Twas too confining, and after one year he resigned. 

He died in Knoxville two years later; the dread destroyer. 

Cholera, deprived the State of her greatest lawyer. 

Robert McFarland, at the request of the court. 

Was appointed by Governor Brown to this place of import. 

A native of Jefferson, of Scotch-Irish descent — 

Tennessee is filled with this same sturdy element. 

Named for his grandfather, who served in the revolution, 

A young man of perseverance and resolution. 

At Tusculum College with education was fitted. 

Studied law with Judge Barton, at Greenville was admitted. 

He made little noise as a lawyer, was retiring, 

All the time at study, legal knowledge acquiring. 



140 TENNESSEE CENTENNIAL POEM. 

He joiued the Confederate army at the war's outburst, 

V/as major of his regiment, the Thirty-first. 

He served in the Western army till he was surprised 

At Vicksburg; when exchanged his command was reorganized, 

And as cavalry with General Early's command 

They served throughout the war until ordered to disband. 

First appointed, then twice elected Supreme justice. 

He died in Eighty-four, was eleven years in office. 

His opinions are clear, among the best to be found 

In our State's reports, where clearness and wisdom abound. 



In Eighteen Seventy the candidates for governor 

Were General John C. Brown and W. H. Wisener. 

Brown was elected, the democratic nominee. 

He received thirty-seven thousand majority. 

John C Brown was a native of Giles county, Tennessee, 

He studied law and was admitted at Pulaski. 

As captain he entered the Confederate army, 

But was soon colonel of the Third Tennessee Infantry. 

To brigadier-general he was shortly promoted, 

Was captured at Fort Donelson, as before noted. 

At Chickamauga and Missionary Ridge he served, 

Was in Atlanta and Franklin, and as he deserved, 

Was promoted to major-general in Sixty-four. 

Brave in battle, such a man was needed all the more 

In Tennessee when the State debt demanded attention. 

Was president of the Constitutional Convention. 

Elected governor in Seventy, and in Seventy-two 

He wished to fund the debt and pay interest with revenue. 

After serving two terms he was general solicitor 

For the Missouri Pacific Railroad, then receiver 

For Texas Pacific, then president and manager. 

Which position he resigned to be the chief officer 

Of the "Tennessee Coal, Iron and Railroad Company." 

He had been but a few months engaged in this industry 

When he died in Eighty-nine, having lived sixty-two years, 

Constantly engaged in the State's most urgent affairs. 



TENNESSEE CENTENNIAL POEM. ]^4]^ 

In Eiffhteeu hundred and Seventy several counties %vere framed 

From the territory of others, and were then named 

For distinguished citizens of this and other States. 

The name is significant, showing to whom each relates: 

Sequatchie for the valley, Unicoi, the mountain; 

Hamblen for Hezekiah Hamblen, Loudon, Fort Loudon. 

In Seventy-two Andrew Johnson sought the position 

Of congressman at large; he was still in condition 

To serve his country, but Horace Mayuard objected; 

He was republican candidate, and was elected. 

The Democrats nominated General Cheatham, of note; 

This gave Republicans strength by dividing the vote. 

Horace Maynard was a native of the Bay State, 

At twenty-four was of Amherst College a graduate; 

He shortly afterwards removed to East Tennessee, 

Studied law, then professor in the university. 

As a Know-Nothiug he was elected to Congress, 

Next as presidential elector brought to notice. 

In Sixty- four was attorney- general of the State, 

Then assisted Brownlow his constitution to create. 

From Sixty-five he remained in Congress ten years, 

Then United States minister to Turkey next appears; 

This position he resigned in order to accept 

That of postmaster-general in Hayes's cabinet. 

This position he held till March, Eighteen Eighty-one; 

He died at Knoxville in Eighty-two, his work well done! 



Benjamin Franklin Cheatham, of Nashville, Tennessee, 
Was born in October, Eighteen hundred and Twenty. 
His horoscope shows Mars to have been his guiding star, 
Was distinguished for bravery in the Mexican war; 
At its close was major-general of the volunteers. 
When the Civil war broke out as brigadier appears. 
He served at Mayfield, Belmont, Columbus, and Shiloh, 
Was with Bragg in Kentucky where he was kept on the go; 
Was then promoted to major-general, as he deserved; 
At Stone's river, Chickamauga and the Ridge he served, 



J ^2 TENNESSEE CENTENNIAL POEM. 

Followed Hood in Georgia, was at Franklin distinguished; 

The victory at Nashville he sadly reliniinished. 

At the close of the war himself to farming betook, 

Beat his "sword to a plowshare, his spear to a pruning-hook." 

As consrressional honors were to him lost visions, 

He was made superintendent of our State prisons. 

In Eighty-five Cleveland appointed him to the office 

Of postmaster at Nashville; he died in this service. 

Tennessee had now emerged from war clonJs and depression, 

New enterprises began in rapid succession; 

The farmers were supplied with all modern improvements — 

Labor was saved by these accelerated movements. 

New citizens moved in, wealth and population increased ; 

Her desire at this time was from debt to be released. 

And to establish public schools that she might educate 

Her boys and girls that began to accumulate. 

The Freedman's Bureau began colored education. 

Now well provided for by our State legislation; 

Knoxville College, Roger Williams University, 

Central Tennessee College, and Fisk University 

Educate colored youth in normal departments, 

And many have availed themselves of these improvements. 

The Nashville Institute, a Baptist colored college. 

Supplies them with needful theological knowledge. 

The public schools at first did not succeed as desired, 

They found that a State superintendent was required. 

The State Teachers' Association rendered assistance — 

To this body the present school law owes its existence. 

Appropriation and taxation now well provide 

For public education, with the help from outside. 

Nashville alone is prepared to equip and educate 

The denominations and desires of the whole State. 

To her university and female academy 

She has added eighty others, now growing steadily. 

Embracing medicine, law, science, schools of every kind, 

Male and female, white and colored, with schools for the blind. 



TENNESSEE CENTENNIAL POEM. ]^43 

Every town in the State is furnished with a good school, 

She has too many denominational as a rule. 

'Tis well to have one of each creed within the State; 

They should stop there, and let their funds all concentrate 

In the State University, a grand institution. 

Which for health, morals, and beauty the situation 

Cannot be surpassed; the faculty ranks with the best; 

We challenge comparison with North, East, South, and West; 

Where young men from every State in the Union can come. 

And receive free tuition in this scholastic home. 

It is endowed by the United States, and to please 

Has been from the beginning well endowed with trustees. 

The presidents from the first were Rev. Samuel Carrick, 

Messrs. Sherman, Charles Coffin, and Joseph Estabrook, 

AV. B. Reese and Rev. George Cook, and William Carnes, 

Then for eighteen years following served Rev. Thomas Humes; 

Dr. Charles W. Dabney is now the president. 

No better could be found in any State resident. 

Three years ago girls were admitted, 'twas their rigiit to claim. 

They have stimulated the young men to higher aim. 



In Seventy-four the State debt was warmly agitated. 

The candidates for governor then nominated. 

Were James D. Porter and Horace' Mayuard, and the voice 

Of the people named James D. Porter as their choice. 

James Davis Porter \yas born at Paris, Tennessee, 

And was graduated from Nashville University. 

Having studied law, he was admitted to practice. 

In Fifty-nine elected to legislative office, 

Where his " Resolutions " pledging Tennessee's support 

To the South during the war, made him a man of import. 

When the war began, with General Pillow at Memphis, 

He helped organize the army, filling the office 

Of adjutant-general. He then joined Cheatham's command. 

As chief of staff, and through the war fought for his Southland. 

He was engaged in all battles where General Cheatham fought ; 

Was in good company, no braver man could be sought. 



144 TENNESSEE CENTENNIAL POEM. 

In Sixty-five, to the law he gave his attention. 

Next a member of Constitutional Convention. 

Then elected circuit judge, where he served for four years ; 

Resigned, and candidate for governor next appears. 

He was twice elected Tennessee's chief magistrate, 

Then to National Convention a State delegate. 

Served four years president of a railroad company, 

The N. C. & St. Louis, with great ability. 

In Eighty-five Avas assistant secretary of state, 

An important adjunct to Cleveland's first cabinet. 

Served two years, resigned, was appointed in Ninety-three 

By Cleveland United States minister to Chili. 

He served one year, returned to his home in Tennessee, 

Where he now resides at Paris in Henry county. 

In Eighteen Seventy- five Andrew Johnson was sent 

To United States Senate, a deserved compliment. 

He served but one session, returned home, was stricken down 

With paralysis. Within two days his spirit had flown. 

Surrounded by his family, his friends and neighbors. 

He closed his eyes in death, and rested from his labors. 

Wrapped in the "■ Stars and Stripes," pillowed on the constitution, 

They laid him to rest, having reached life's consummation. 

In Greenville, East Tennessee, his grave is to be seen, 

Where, after twenty years, his memory is still green. 

The mountains of Tennessee are peopled with his fame; 

The honest laboring man loves to dwell upon his name, 

A name that will for ages be an example to men, 

For what has been wrought by one, may be achieved again. 

Governor Porter appointed to fill his position 
D. M. Key of Chattanooga, the man for the station. 
But President Hayes, wishing to favor our section, 
Appointed him to place just after his election ; 
That of postmaster-general in his cabinet. 
James E. Bailey was then elected to the Senate, 
And Isham G. Harris, his colleague, then succeeded 
Henry Cooper, who for a term had just preceded. 



TENNESSEE CENTENNIAL POEM. J 45 

David M. Key was born in Greeue county, Tennessee, 

In Twenty-four. Was educated at Hiawassee; 

Graduated in Fifty, and chose for vocation 

The law; then moved to Chattanooga for location, 

Was presidential elector, twice elected. 

AVhen Tennessee seceded, though he had objected, 

He joined the Confederate army, went to Kentucky, 

And with Kirby Smith's command returned to Tennessee. 

Was at Yicksburg, at Grand Gulf, and at Champion Hills, 

At Vicksburg was wounded, captured, suffered many ills. 

He ranked as lieutenant-colonel, did gallant service, 

Was a soldier from patriotism, not for office. 

In Seventy served in Constitutional Convention; 

W^as then a chancellor of honorable mention. 

Until appointed to succeed Johnson in the Senate. 

Was then postmaster-general in Hayes's cabinet, 

Which position he resigned when appointed to be 

Federal judge for the Eastern District of Tennessee. 

This position he held until Eighteen Ninety-four. 

He was then seventy years old ; though as able as of yore, 

He retired. In his home, surrounded by all that endears, 

He will spend in Chattanooga his declining years. 

The State debt still continued to be agitated; 

Governor Porter treated with bondholders, his plan stated. 

But when submitted to the people they did not agree. 

Albert S. Marks, the next governor of Tennessee, 

Was born in Thirty-six, Daviess county, Kentucky. 

Studied law and began practice in Franklin county. 

At Winchester, when only twenty-two years of age. 

In Eighteen Sixty warmly supported Breckinridge; 

In Sixty-one volunteered in the Confederate army; 

Was elected captain, but soon promoted for bravery, 

First as major, then colonel ; mid the roar and rattle 

At Murfreesboro he lost a leg in the battle. 

His name, by order of the Confederate president, 

Was placed on honor's roll, a Tennessee resident. 

10 tenn 



146 TENNESSEE CENTENNIAL POEM. 

After the war, at Winchester, he resumed his practice. 

In Seventy and Seventy-eight elected to the office 

Of chancellor, which place he filled with distinction. 

Was the same year elected to this high position. 

After serving one term he declined renomination. 

His was a firm, wise, and honest administration. 

He died in Nashville, Eighteen hundred and Ninety-one, 

His work as lawyer, soldier, judge, governor, well done! 



CHAPTER XI. 



1879-18<S1, 



Alvin Hawkins, Governor — Historical Society— Judge Howell Jackson — William 
B. Bate, Governor — Robert L. Taylor, Governor — Supreme Court — James Phe- 
lan, historian — Scotch-Irish Society — Ladies' Hermitage Association — Governor 
Buchanan — Coal Creek War — Peter Turney, Governor, two terms — Chicka- 
mauga Park Dedication. 

Many years ago an arrangement was projected 

By which relics and State papers were to be collected, 

Organized by men of wisdom and propriety, 

And called the "Tennessee Historical Society." 

Years passed by, it ceased to exist ; why we are not advised, 

But in Eighteen Forty-nine it was reorganized. 

Its officers were the most learned men of the State ; 

For contributions of value they had not long to wait. 

Manuscripts and relics from this and other States came. 

Anniversaries were kept, adding fuel to flame. 

They inspired the State to be proud of her history, 

And urged Nashville to celebrate her first century. 

The spring of Eighteen Eighty, 'twas a grand occasion. 

Contrasting with hardships and Indian invasion ; 

The Jackson equestrian statue was at that time unveiled. 

This last scheme, for want of means, would have signally failed, 

But Major John L. Brown went to work, secured the amount 

By subscription. This credit is given to his account. 

To this unveiling many visitors were invited ; 

Distinguished soldiers, ex-governors, all united 

To honor the man who had filled the measure of glory ; 

Living, served his country ; dying, still lives in story. 

Bishop H. N. McTyerie was invited to pray ; 

Hon. John F. House was the orator of the day; 

Clarke Mills, the artist, gave his inspiration anew — 

'Tvvas Jackson in New Orleans in the act of review. 

147 



148 TENNESSEE CENTENNIAL POEM. 

A grand military procession composed of leaders 

Of the Federal Army, together with seceders, 

Paraded the streets by strains of martial music inspired — 

*T\vas a memorable event, all that could be desired. 



Among the society's relics notably known, 

Are the following which w\\\ be to visitors shown ; 

Daniel Boone's musket " old Betsy," so dear to his heart, 

Governor John Sevier's sword and pistols, which were apart 

Of North Carolina's award for gallantry displayed. 

With Ferguson's red silk sash, and Dupoister's trusty blade, 

Taken at King's mountain. One of the chairs of General Greene 

And a chair of President Fillmore is also to be seen. 

The sword, coat, and epualette of Captain Samuel Price, 

A pitcher used at the treaty of Hopewell given twice, 

Once to President Polk, he to his wife, and she, also, 

To the society ; and canes which she did bestow. 

Belonging to President Polk, one in serpent's form. 

One filled with his electoral vote kept as a charm, 

The other a hickory cane cut from the Hermitage. 

Henry Clay's portfolio of senatorial usage. 

First greenback five-dollar note issued by United States, 

And over thirty battle flags carried without our. gates, 

By Tennessee soldiers in different wars from first to last, 

Mementoes of fair donors and brave deeds of the past. 

Manuscripts of great value and portraits of honored men, 

With articles that are contributed now and then. 

The most conspicuous is the Egyptian mummy sent 

By Colonel J. G. Harris, a naval compliment. 

He was once a noted journalist in Tennessee, 

Then a conspicuous leader of the Democracy. 

Was a disbursing naval officer a long while. 

And sent his Society curios from the Nile. 

This Society, one of the States best institutions 

Deserves honorable mention and contributions. 

In Eighteen Eighty the Democratic Convention met 

In Nashville, but could not agree as to the State debt. 



TENNESSEE CENTENNIAL POEM. 149 

Divided, each wing of the party nominated 

A candidate for governor, and as before stated, 

Alvin Hawkins, the Repnblican, was elected. 

The Democrats were defeated but not dejected ; 

They should have learned by experience long years ago 

That party division was succeeded by party woe. 

Alvin Hawkins was born in Bath county, Kentucky, 

When a youth moved to Maury, thence to Carroll county, 

Where he worked on a farm and obtained the foundation 

For his future career and a good education. 

He was admitted to the bar when but twenty-two. 

Was elected to the Assembly at thirty-two. 

In Sixty was an elector for Bell and Everett, 

Elected to Congress but rejected when it met. 

In Sixty-four was district attorney appointed. 

Then made Supreme judge, though not one of the anointed. 

He was consul to Havana, then Supreme judge again. 

But the new constitution did not let him remain. 

Over the Nashville and Northwestern Road then presided, 

Now elected governor by a party divided. 



Tennessee sent this term to United State Senate 

A man of ability, a bright shining stellate, 

Howell E. Jackson, a native of Paris, Tennessee, 

A graduate of Virginia University. 

He read law with Judge Totten and graduated anon 

In the law department of the school at Lebanon. 

At Jackson, Tennessee, he began his law practice, 

But in Eighteen Fifty-eight removed to Memphis. 

During the war he filled the onerous position 

Of receiver under the Act of Sequestration 

For the Western District of Tennessee, without complaint. 

Showing segacity, prudence, justice, almost a saint. 

After the war in partnership practiced law at Memphis 

Successfully, and in Eighty filled his first office, 

A member of the Assembly, the same that detected 

His fitness for the office to which he was elected ; 



]^50 TENNESSEE CENTENNIAL POEM. 

United States senator, where lie served for four years ; 
He resigned, and as United States circuit judge appears. 
After seven years of service when Justice Lamar died, 
President Harrison did not require long to decide 
Upon a Southern man to fill this high position; 
But selected at once Judge Howell E. Jackson, 
The second associate justice from Tennessee; 
For two years he filled the office with ability. 
He was then elevated to the court of grand assize. 
Composed of judges of all ages beyond the skies. 
When Judge Jackson resigned as United States senator 
W. C. Whitthorne was appointed by the governor 
To fill his unexpired term, which was but two years; 
'Twas filled with ability — from the record it appears. 



In Eighteen and Eighty-two four candidates appeared, 

Governor Hawkins the Republican, and it was feared, 

As the Democrats were divided they would again lose. 

William B. Bate was the nominee, so the " Sky-Blues" 

Nominated Joseph H. Fussell for governor. 

And John R. Beasley was the Greenback competitor. 

The strongest man in this gubernatorial race 

Was William B. Bate, the man best fitted for the place. 

Governor Bate was born near Castaliau Springs, Tennessee, 

In October, twenty-six, in Sumner county. 

He received a good education, and as a private 

Served through the Mexican war, deserving much credit. 

At twenty-three was elected to the Assembly, 

And two years later graduated an attorney. 

He began practice in Gallatin and was elected 

Attorney-general of Nashville district, then selected 

As nominee for Congress, but declined the honor. 

In Eighteen Sixty was a Breckinridge elector, 

In Sixty-one, as a Confederate soldier volunteered 

A private, but soon as captain, then colonel appeared ; 

Was from brigadier to major-general promoted. 

Distinguished for gallantry, to the South devoted. 



TENNESSEE CENTENNIAL POEM. 151 

IJe engaged in all battles from Bull Run to Bentonville, 

Commanded in some, and surrendered against his will. 

He was dangerously wounded three times during the war, 

At its close resumed his practice at the Nashville bar. 

He was a delegate to National Convention, 

Then a State elector of honorable mention ; 

Now elected governor two terms in succession, 

His administration relieved the State's depression. 

He urged in his message that the State debt settlement 

Be made according to Democratic arrangement. 

The legislature after a storm calmed to action, 

And removed the State debt from political faction. 

After serving two terms Governor Bate was elected 

United States senator and again selected. 

May he and Senator Harris continue to be 

As long as they shall live, senators from Tennessee! 



The next candidates for chief magistrate I mention 

Were two that attracted universal attention ; 

Sous of a distinguished congressman and orator, 

And minister too. Honorable N. G. Taylor. 

Robert L. and Alfred A. Taylor canvassed the State, 

The jolliest brothers ever engaged in debate. 

Robert was elected the Democratic nominee, 

"Our Bob," as he is familiarly known in Tennessee. 

After serving one term he was elected again, 

And enshrined himself in the hearts of all classes of men, 

Especially the poor and distressed, those he pardoned — 

When they could make a, fiddle he did not deem them hardened. 

Robert L. Taylor of Carter county, Tennessee, 

Was born at Happy Valley, Eighteen hundred and Fifty. 

He was educated at Pennington, New Jersey, 

And at East Tennessee Wesleyan University. 

In Eighteen Seventy-eight he began his law practice, 

And during the same year was elected to Congress. 

He was then Cleveland elector for the State at large. 

And received a Federal office but resigned his charge 



152 TENNESSEE CENTENNIAL POEM. 

To accept the^giibernatorial nomination. 

He wasjrenominated yesterday by acclamation. 

Taken like Cincinnatiis from his plow, the lecture field 

To his^conntry's service his financial interests yield. 

ThomasV. Freeman, of Gibson county, Tennessee, 

Was elected Supreme judge in Eighteen Seventy. 

He studied law at Trenton, was admitted to practice ; 

When the war commenced, was elected to the office 

Of colonel of a Tennessee regiment, and served 

Throughout the war, was wounded, nor from a duty swerved. 

After the war closed he moved to Brownsville, was selected 

For Supreme judge, and in Seventy eight re-elected. 

He served sixteen years, then became dean of the faculty 

Of law in the University of Tennessee ; 

His health failed, and at the home of his son in Texas, 

He died in Ninety one, in the city of Dallas. 

J. B. Cook was appointed, from the record it appears. 
To fill Judge McFarland's unexpired term two years. 

William F. Cooper was elected in Seventy-eight ; 

Of Scotch-Irish ancestry, like many in this State. 

Educated at Yale, he studied medicine, then saw 

That his vocation did not suit him as well as the law. 

In Nashville he had a large and lucrative practice. 

And in Sixty-one was elected to the office 

Of Supreme judge, but the court transacted no business ; 

For the Federal forces very soon took possession. 

And the court was composed of men favoring secession. 

Judge Cooper spent in Europe the four years of the war 

Studying equity law, then returned to the bar; 

Though his term had not expired, he could not as judge report,. 

For Brownlow had appointed his apocryphal court. 

He was chancellor at Nashville for a term of six years, 

His published opinions in three volumes next appears. 

Tennessee points to his equity law construction. 

And claims his teachings greatest of modern production. 



TENNESSEE CENTENNIAl. POEM. 15J 

He served eight years Supreme judge, left many decisions, 

The State is indebted to his legal provisions. 

He re-edited old reports, leaving his impression, 

Making them more valuable to the profession. 

He was wedded to the law, declined taking a wife. 

And has given it the devotion of his entire life. 

He retired in Eighty-six, has been resting ten years — 

In New York city has lived free from all cares. 

In Eighty-six five Supremo judges were elected, 

Four new ones, when chosen Judge Turney alone selected 

On the old list ; the cry was for " a clean sweep " for young men. 

Business had accumulated from year to year again. 

AValler C. Caldwell, of Obion county, Tennessee, 

Was born in Forty-nine, and during his infancy 

His father died. When old enough to work he relied 

On his own exertions, and his widowed mother supplied. 

He then educated himself and took his degree. 

In Seventy-one at Cumberland University. 

Then graduated in law, and lived till Eighty-Three 

In Trenton, where he practiced until appointed to be 

One of the Commission of Referees of the State. 

This office he held three years, was then a candidate 

For Supreme judge, and was elected, serving eight years. 

In Ninety-four he was re-elected, and it appears 

That he is an able judge, his opinion clearly stated. 

Exact, self-evident, not to be reiterated. 

David L. Snodgrass was born at Sparta, Tennessee, 
In Fifty-one, and at White county Academy 
Prepared for entering the University of the State, 
Of which institution he is a graduate. 
He studied law with his father and began practice 
In Sparta, was from there elected to the office 
Of legislator in Seventy-nine, where he became 
One of the leaders of his faction, of State debt fame. 
In Eighty was a delegate to the convention, 
And led the bolting party of previous mention, 



154 TENNESSEE CENTENNIAL POEM. 

That gave the State a Republican governor. 

Two years later he appeared as a mediator, 

Reconciling the factions on the State debt question ; 

Was then made a member of Referee Commission 

From West Tennessee, where he served two years presiding. 

Meanwhile he moved to Chattanooga and from there abiding, 

AVas elected Supreme judge, barely past the age limit. 

Though East Tennessee opposed him, his judicial merit 

Made friends of opponents, and he was re-elected 

In Ninety-four, and was for chief justice selected. 

He has cleaned up the docket in a business like way, 

His opinions are short and dressed in pleasing array. 

William C. Folkes, of Virginia, when but sixteen years old, 

Ijcft school for the Confederate army, was a soldier bold, 

Was wounded at Manassas and again at Malvern Hill, 

Where he lost a leg; but with indomitable will 

Again recovered, and though disabled joined his command. 

And served throughout the war until ordered to disband. 

He resumed his colleo^iate course in the " North State" 

And from Chapel Hill in one year was a graduate; 

Then in the law department of the University 

Of Virginia in Eighteen Sixty-six took his degree. 

He sought a new location when he began practice. 

And judiciously selected the city of Memphis, 

Where he met the best talent of three States, able men. 

And taking high rank among them was at home again. 

In Eighty-six was elected Supreme judge of the State, 

Was of commanding presence, courtly manner, though sedate. 

The task this court had assumed required work it was plain ; 

After four years of service he could not endure the strain. 

But died unexpectedly at his home in Memphis, 

And was unusually mourned for one in public office. 

His commercial opinions with those of corporation 

Are held by the bar in the highest estimation. 

W. E. Beard, of Memphis, then the court completed. 
But was by B. J. Lea in election defeated. 



TENNESSEE CENTENNIAL POEM. 155 

John Summerfield Wilkes, of Maury county, Tennessee, 

Was born in Eighteen Forty-one of English ancestry. 

He was educated at Pleasant Grove Academy, 

And while a student at Wesleyan University 

Joined the Confederate army and at Fort Donelson 

Was captured, and for months languished in Camp Douglass prison. 

When exchanged he was made captain in his old command ; 

Was next as purchasing commissary in demand. 

He provided supplies and took part in the battle, 

Heeding not the cannon's roar nor the musket's rattle. 

When the war closed he studied law and began practice. 

And five years later was appointed to the office 

Of adjutant-general, and with systematic care 

He rearranged State archives that were moved by the war. 

He registered the State bonds, making their history plain, 

And funded the State debt, that caused so much strife and pain. 

At the expiration of Governor Brown's term of office 

He joined Judge Wilkes as partner at Pulaski in practice. 

When Governor Brown was to the railroad business inclined 

He made Judge Wilkes treasurer, who after two years resigned. 

When Governor Turney was elected chief magistrate 

He appointed Judge Wilkes to the Supreme bench of the State, 

William K. Mc A lister, of Nashville, Tennessee, 

Of Scotch-Irish descent, was born in Eighteen and Fifty. 

At nineteen was graduated from Bethany College, 

From Nashville University received legal knowledge. 

Held the office of city attorney for nine years. 

In Eighty-six as judge of the seventh circuit next appears. 

This office he filled for six years with great distinction. 

When Chief Justice Lurton offered his resignation, 

Governor Turney appointed in Eighteen Ninety-three 

Judge McAlister to fill the Supreme vacancy. 

In Ninety-four, when judges were again elected, 

Caldwell, Wilkes, McAlister, and Beard were selected. 

With D. L. Snodgrass whom they chose for chief justice. 

And these five men each hold this responsible office. 



156 TENNESSEE CENTENNIAL POEM. 

A work was published iu Eighteen hundred Eighty-eight, 

The "History of Tennessee, the Making of a State." 

Next year another history designed to be taught 

In the schools of Tennessee, such knowledge should be sought. 

The author of these books, a remarkable man 'tis seen, 

Was a native of Mississippi, born at Aberdeen 

In Eighteen Fifty-six ; and when a boy moved to Memphis 

With his father who had held a Confederate office. 

Senator from Mississippi, an intimate friend 

Of Jefferson Davis. Such associations will tend 

To elevate a boy, make him polite and refined, 

And with a studious turn to cultivate his mind. 

James Phelan was educated in Memphis public schools. 

But at Oxford Mississippi he learned his first rules. 

Then to Kentucky Military Institute was sent. 

After his father's death he was on learning so intent. 

That he went to Leipzig, Germany, and took his degree 

Of "Ph.D." in a short while at the age of twenty. 

He returned to Tennessee, studied law, began practice, 

Married Miss Early, of Virginia, and lived in Memphis. 

Acquired the Memphis Avalanche, was editor, 

And with his other duties its business manager. 

Meanwhile was engaged by Houghton, Miffiin & Company 

To write for Butler series a Tennessee history. 

The labor required can only be appreciated 

By those who have tried the same, the initiated. 

This work has been criticised because he failed to write 

The history of the war giving his side of the fight. 

Several generals on each side of acknowledged repute 

Have different views of the same engagements and dispute. 

Mr. Phelan was but nine years old when the war closed. 

He was too young a man if he had been so disposed. 

He sought to be an authority as far as he went, 

And left the war until prejudice and discontent 

Had died. His writing was all of the enduring kind. 

Proving him to have been of philosophical mind. 

He represented for two terms his district in Congress, 

And succeeded in procuring a bridge for Memphis, 



TENNESSEE CENTENNIAL POEM. 157 

Which the people had desired for more than twenty years. 
His health failed, and with mingled hopes and fears 
His friends saw him depart for a more genial clime — 
Ix^assau in the Bahama Islands, where in a short time, 
At thirty-four years of age, his life's work just begun, 
He died in January, Eighteen Ninety-one. 

In Eighteen Eighty-nine a mass-meeting was advertised, 

Of the Scotch-Irish of America who organized 

Into a society at Columbia, Tennessee, 

In order to preserve and transmit to posterity 

The history and associations of this race. 

That has taken in this country such a promiuet place. 

To Messrs. T. T. Wright and A. C. Floyd, of Tennessee, 

Is due the credit for forming this society, 

With the people of Columbia who descended 

From Scotch-Irish ancestry with other stock blended. 

This society now holds its annual congress 

In different sections of the country, and the progress 

It has made is indicated by its publications. 

Securing patriotic and fraternal relations. 

Its membership is composed of distinguished leaders. 

And moulders of public sentiment, extensive readers ; 

Who come from all sections of the country and in time 

Will destroy sectional prejudice, a mission sublime. 

It soars above the clouds of politics and of creed. 

Is no money-making affair, hungering for greed; 

Nor instills undue pride of race to which it relates, 

Though it has given iive presidents to the United States. 

Robert Bonner, of New York, is still its president, 

A. C. Floyd secretary, a Chattanooga resident ; 

Three vice-presidents and treasurer from North and South, 

With an executive committee showing its growth. 

The Ladies' Hermitage Association at this time 
Was organized, its object approved in every clime. 
Securing a tract of land from the State of Tennessee, 
Including the residence and tomb of "Old Hickory," 



258 TENNESSEE CENTENNIAL POEM. 

To beautify, preserve, adorn throughout all time to come. 

Their tribute to his memory aud love he bore his home. 

The charter members were Mrs. Rachel J. Lawrence, 

Mesdames Mary Hardy Clare and Mary C. Dorris, 

Louise Grundy Lindsley, E. L. Nicholson, Henry Heiss, 

Mary W. May, and the grant they received was this: 

The Assembly gave them twenty-five acres of land, 

Including the home and tomb of Jackson with this demand. 

That nine discreet men taken from the three divisions, 

Constitute a board of trustees with these provisions: 

Two from East, two from West, five from Middle Tennessee, 

With power to make and enforce such by-laws as may be 

Necessary to execute the design intended. 

Named by the governor, by the ladies recommended. 

The ladies have a board of directors, three of whom 

Are executives aud before them all business must come. 

Mesdames Nathaniel Baxter and J. M. Dickinson, 

Regent, vice-regent and Mrs. W. A. Donelson, 

These ladies now appeal to patriots of the nation 

That a small amount be sent to this Association, 

That they may preserve his memory as he deserved, 

Who said, ''The Federal Union must and shall be preserved." 



The next candidates for governor of Tennessee 
Were John P. Buchanan, Democratic nominee, 
Aud George W. Winstead, a Republican authority; 
Buchanan was elected by a large majority. 
John P. Buchanan, of Williamson county, Tennessee, 
W^as born in Forty-seven of Scotch-Irish ancestry. 
'Twas his great-grandfather settled Buchanan's Station, 
And defended the inmates from extermination. 
With fifteen gunmen he saved it from the ravages 
Of four hundred vindictive, bloodthirsty savages. 
Governor Buchanan was brought up on his father's farm. 
At sixteen years of age, at the sound of war's alarm, 
Joined the Confederate army and till Sixty-five remained. 
His education was by private study obtained. 



TENNESSEE CENTENNIAL POEM. 15^ 

He removed to Rutherford county in Seventy-eight, 

Engaged in farming and raising stock on his estate. 

In Eighty-six he was to the Assembly elected, 

Again in Eighty-eight his fitness was detected. 

He was a leader in the House and faithfully served 

Commercial interest and such charities as deserved. 

When the "Wheel" and "Farmers' Alliance" were organized. 

He joined them both, such influences were not to be despised. 

When these united forming "Farmers' and Labors' Union," 

He was made president and with them held communion. 

The "Coal Creek War " broke out during his administration ; 

The miners rebelled against the State's legislation, 

The convict lease, and turned lot)se four hundred and sixty. 

Burnt In man and destroyed valuable property. 

Then appealed to the legislature for assistance, 

Took charge of four hundred more and offered resistance. 

Olivar Springs, Tracy City, Coal Creek, all united 

In the mutiny, determined to be requited ; 

A mountain Mafia existed, oaths were taken, 

Their rebellion and revenge were firm and unshaken. 

Governor Buchanan at length ordered out the State Guards, 

Riot bells were sounded in the cities at their wards. 

Citizens, old soldiers volunteered to lead the van, 

The miners attacked Olivar Springs and lost one man ; 

They cut the telegraph wires, put dynamite on the road; 

Anarchy reigned in our former peaceful abode. 

After weeks of rebellion they submitted to fate; 

Two of our brave young inen died in defense of the State. 

John Walthall, of Knoxville, though a Virginian born, 

And Frank Smith, of Chattanooga, were from their loved ones torn. 

Governor Buchanan failed to receive the nomination 

In Ninety-two, and in his own justification 

Ran against Peter Turney, the Democratic nominee. 

Independently for governor of Tennessee. 

Peter Turney was elected — a large majority 

Proved organized Democracy in authority. 

Peter Turney served two years and was chosen again 

Democratic candidate in the Ninety-four campaign. 



IfiO TENNESSEE CENTENNIAL POEM. 

H. Clay Evans was the Republican nominee; 

These last exerted themselves to their extremity, 

And claimed that their candidate was surely elected, 

Though a Democratic Assembly was selected. 

Which showed fraud somewhere. Each side claimed for their 

candidate; 
The vote was counted by the legislature of the State, 
And it was found that Turney was duly elected. 
Stuffed ballot-boxes were in some counties detected. 
Governor Turney was again inaugurated, 
Though Republicans and allies greatly berated. 

On the eighteenth of September, Eighteen Ninety-five, 

Chattanooga swarmed with visitors, though always alive, 

Old soldiers and representatives of the nation 

Who had come to the Chickamauga Park dedication. 

Nothing like this National Military Park exists. 

Where the soldiers of both armies have entered the lists. 

Victor and vanquished alike mark their own positions 

With monuments from each State, beautiful acquisitions. 

One-half million dollars has been appropriated 

By Congress to establish this park, now dedicated. 

It extends, all told, from six miles north of Chattanooga, 

The length of twenty-two miles to Glass's Mill, in Georgia. 

The beautiful boulevard between each position 

Is owned by the government, under its jurisdiction; 

As well as the Chickamauga field, six thousand acres, 

Ceded to government from these States by their lawmakers. 

The central drive runs eight miles, marks Bragg's line of battle 

On Missionary Ridge, where the groans and death-rattle 

Of brave Confederates were heard as they fell in defeat. 

'Tis there, also, you will be shown the line of retreat. 

It outlooks the battle-fields for twelve miles around, 

Including Chickamauga, " that dark and bloody ground." 

The purpose of the commissioners is to restore 

The fields to their condition as in days of yore. 

The lines of battle have been drawn and the marking done; 

Historical guide-tablets show how each lost and won. 



TENNESSEE CENTENNIAL POEM. IQl 

Forty-four ringing reports from canuons just limbered, 

Began the exercises long to be remembered, 

Representing forty-four States composing the nation. 

Vice-President Stevenson came next with oration, 

Bishop Gailor offered a prayer; then the senators. 

Palmer and Gordon, noted soldiers and orators. 

Breathed patriotism, love, and reconciliation, 

As brother embraced brother, uniting the nation. 

Then Lieutenants-General, Longstreet, and John M. Schofield, 

Old soldiers on each side, both unaccustomed to yield. 

Surrendered to each other in a pleasing address. 

Then the governors of several States left their impress ; 

The benediction was pronounced, the park dedicated, 

Though two days of fraternal relations awaited. 

The most noted speeches were made by two men appointed 

By the secretary of war, both by blood anointed; 

Who had commanded in this battle through fire and flame. 

Were distinguised for gallantry, now statesmen of fame : 

Major-Generals Chas. H. Grosvenor and W. B. Bate, 

Coming from the Nation, representatives of State. 

Each gave an account of the war and the three days' fight, 

And each made a good case, for each thought he was right. 

I pray for indulgence while my tribute I now j)ay 

To the statesman, warrior, who wore the garb of gray. 

Long ere I had known him I. had prayed for his protection, 

For he had in his care one in whom my affection, 

My life, was centered ; and as I sat with both in view. 

And heard General Bate recount the history all through ; 

I thanked God that he had been spared to tell the story. 

How the South fought for her rights and lost all but her glory. 

Many other speeches were made, 'twas a grand occasion ; 

The sectional line was erased by this invasion. 

Chattanooga, once called the " Key to the Situation," 

Opened wide Southern portals with this dedication. 



CHAPTER XII. 



1896. 

The Bar Association — Ministers — Old Stone Houses — "Woman's Suffrage— Descrip- 
tion of Resources — Soil — Climate — Productions — Manufactures — Steamboats, 
Lookout Mountain, Chattanooga — Knoxville, Memphis, and crther Cities — 
Nashville — The Exposition Grounds — June 1st, 1896, the .Jubilee! 

I have traced the State's development for one hundred years; 

Her history like the United States much appears. 

Her banks, improvements, and constitutional history 

Have been like that of government for a century. 

She has many great men belonging to bench and bar. 

And had many great soldiers who defended her in war, 

AVhose names I have not mentioned, the task would be too great; 

It would compel me to call the roster of the State. 

She has furnished many great men to her sister States — 

Some moved of their own accord, some were driven by the fates. 

Atlanta, that rose phenix-like from the ashes of woe. 

Is called a Northern city by those who do not know ; 

She has attained her present growth by the industry 

Of native Georgia pluck, aided by East Tennessee. 

Her Wallaces, Martins, Mynatts, Lowrys, and Newmans, 

Arnolds, Fains, Earnests, Atkins, McKeldins, and Inmans, 

Parrotts, Austells, Bruce, Morgan, Hines, and many others. 

Her best citizens, are our East Tennessee brothers. 

The State Bar Association met in Eighty-one, 

An organized body ; it has since much good work done. 

Some of the ablest lawyers in the State have been presidents; 

From each separate division have been residents. 

The profession has furnished an important element 

In the history of the State and its government. 

W. F. Cooper, of Nashville, was the first president, 

Albert D. Marks, the last, is a Nashville resident. 

1G2 



TENNESSEE CENTENNIAL POEM. 153 

Another class that have labored for the State's success, 
Are the soldiers of the cross, who by their lives confess 
Their faith in the gospel they preach. Some have long since died ; 
Have crossed the river of death, resting on the other side. 
Of these Fathers Eakin, Askevv, Creed Fulton, George White, 
Died, having kept the faith, and having fought a good fight. 
With W. T. Senter, F. B. Evans, Tliomas Catlett, 
William McKendree, J. B. McFerrin, Lewis Garrett, 
W. C. Graves, Timothy Sullens, and many others, 
Make up the list of our sainted Methodist brothers. 
The Presbyterians of note, old and new school, gone, 
Are Frederick A. Ross, Gallaher, Gideon Blackburn, 
John T. Edgar, Dr. Van Dyke, John J. Robinson, 
Cyrus Kingsbury, McMullen, Isaac Anderson, 
J. T. Hendrick, and Philip Lindsley, who was called 
Tennessee's greatest scholar and educator installed. 
Time would fail to name all those who have ended the strife, 
But their names are all written in the ''Lamb's book of life." 
Many others are ready to lay their armor down, 
Will soon receive their summons, leave the cross for the crown. 
'Tis said "a country without ruins has no meuKjries ; 
East Tennessee has old stone houses with histories. 
Near Carter's depot, on the banks of the Watauga river. 
Stands one older than the State, will stand there forever. 
For the mortar is harder than the stones united. 
The doors and windows are small, it is not well lighted. 
Some of the stones in this house were taken from the fort 
Where Katie Sherrill leaped over, according to report, 
AVhen pursued by the Indians, and was caught in the arms 
Of John Sevier, and protected from savage alarms. 
She became his second wife, not his children's mother. 
Below Telford's Station there will be found another 
With walls three feet in thickness, built in the same odd way ; 
Near Limestone one built by a Gillespie of that day, 
Near Fullen's depot another, the old Ripley place, 
^Several others whose history I have not time to trace. 



154 TENNESSEE CENTENNIAL POEM. 

A "Woman's Suffrage Club" has been formed within the State;. 

Its movers are not natives, I am happy to relate. 

Though some few, it is said, are hoping for this reward, 

They will not amount in all to a " corporal's guard." 

Our present rights give us employment and contentment. 

Besides we have knowledge of the " Fifteenth Amendment," 

Which would allow negro women to vote — there's the rub ! 

Then the kitchen w^ould be neglected and the washtub. 

They would ride in on bicycles in bloomers and blazers, 

And there would be fights with those mysterious razors! 

Tennessee women have no such mannish desires ; 

They prefer that the men tread down the thorns and the briers- 

In the pathway of life, and will follow in their lead; 

This is the womanly way, and the wise give them mead. 

Their present sphere and position was ordained of God, 

And disobedience is always followed by the rod ! 

They have organized clubs for their mental improvement 

But have no designs on the general government. 

All avenues are open to honest livelihood, 

Such woman's rights are granted, and are both wise and good. 



Tennessee is bounded by eight States, and her climate 
Is as varied as her resources are without limit. 
Every crop grown in the Union Tennessee can grow; 
The productions North and South here an overlap bestow. 
Statistics show her to be one of the healthiest States ; 
Her mean annual temperature, according to estimates, 
Is the same as Northern Spain, the Southern part of France^ 
Northern Italy, Smyrna, the Japan Islands, and Greece. 
Corn grows in every county, 'twas once the first corn State, 
Now the ninth, grows seventy million bushels, annual rate. 
Wheat grow^s in every county, Obion and the eastern best. 
From seven to twelve millions bushels the annual test. 
Twenty-six counties raise tobacco, and the annual growth. 
More than thirty-six millions pounds, in Eighty-nine was worth 
One million eight hundred thousand dollars here at home. 
Clarksville, Nashville, and Greenville receive this staple income. 



TENNESSEE CENTENNIAL POEM. 1(J5 

Thirty-eight counties grow cotton, and in Eighty-nine, 

One hnndred and eighty-nine thousand bales very fine, 

\yere marketed ; but since the price has become so h)w 

The planters raise but little — it does not pay to grow. 

Oats, rye, barley, buckwheat, peanuts, sorghum, rice, broom-corn, 

Irish and sweet potatoes, with grasses, fill plenty's horn. 

Hemp, flax, hops, vegetables, with field crops of all kinds, 

Berries in variety, and grapes fov food and wines. 

Two and a half million pounds of fruit in Ninety-five 

Were shipped from Chattanooga; these small industries thrive. 

As a stock-raising country, Tennessee is unsurpassed. 

With Kentucky and the blue grass region is classed. 

East Tennessee has made stock-raising an industry, 

Shipping hogs and mules for three-quarters of a century. 

Jersey cattle and Devonshires have been introduced, 

And large sums realized from the butter produced. 

From the time that General Jackson brought Thruxtou to this 

State, 
.'She has been famous for thoroughI)red horses up to date. 
To General William G. Harding, of Belle Meade, is due 
The rank the State has taken in the old world and the new. 
His Iroquois is regarded " the best horse in the world," 
And Tennessee is exultant with banner unfurled. 



The railroads of Tennessee give transportation 

To seventy-four counties, by recent calculation. 

The Nashville, Chattanooga and St. I^ouis Railway 

Supplies twenty-seven counties — they are ahead alway. 

The Louisville and Nashville comes next with transportation ; 

Twenty-three counties receive their accommodation. 

The Southern Railway passes through nineteen counties defined ; 

These three systems give more outlet than all others combined. 

The Cincinnati Southern is important to the State, 

Developing her mining interests at an increased rate. 

The others are branches, all useful to their section, 

But their names are too numerous for present mention. 



IQQ TENNESSEE CENTENNLAX POEM. 

New lines are being built, and the time isn't far away 

When every county in the iState will have a railway. 

Tennessee ranks the twelfth State as to population ; 

Has but one-third her area in cultivation. 

She invites immigration from North, South, East, and West ; 

Her inducements are sufficient to entice the best. 

She is called the Pennsylvania of the South, it is true ; 

She has her Philadelphia and South Pittsburg, too. 

Tennessee is rich in minerals. An All-wise hand 

Has furnished coal and iron in excess of demand ; 

Placed them so near together that a furnace may be made 

And pig-iron manufactured at the smallest cost paid. 

Miles of forests furnish timber for charcoal near by ; 

Manufacturers on this inducement can rely. 

The first bloomary was built in Washington county, 

Just after the Revolution in Seventeen Ninety; 

Then in Carter, Johnson, Jefferson, Sullivan, and Greene, 

Within a few years primitive iron-works were seen. 

Dickson, Stewart, and Montgomery in Eighteen and Two 

Discovered iron and soon brought furnaces to view. 

This industry made progress, furnaces multiplied. 

Until there were seventy-one with bloomaries beside. 

In Eighteen Fifty-six, with four rolling-mills in the State ; 

When the war commenced work like this was compelled to wait. 

Since the war Chattanooga has been most prominent. 

The iron center of Tennessee now dominant. 

The first open-hearth steel made in any Southern State 

Was made in Chattanooga in Eighteen Seventy-eight. 

She has the greatest variety of resources. 

More kinds of minerals from which to gather forces — 

Gold, copper, sulphur, diamond, graphite, 

Chalcotrite, pyrrhotite, chalcopyrite, barnhardtite, 

Tetrodymite, clansthalite, galena, spalerite, 

Pyrite, marcasite, mispickel, rutile, covellite. 

Fluorite, chalcotrichite, corundum, hematite, 

Melanochroite, raenaccanite, antomolite, 

Xanthosiderite, psilomelane, wad, limonite. 



TENNESSEE CENTENNIAL POEM, 1(}7 

Pyrolnsite, gotliite, manganite, quartz, spodumene^ 
Opal, pyroxene, amphibole, garnet, kaolin, 
Zircon, allanite, zoisite, albite, astrophylite, 
Muscovite, orthoclase, tourmaline, talc, staurolite, 
Calamine, allophane, cyanite, plumbogummite, 
Deweylite, saponite, halloysite, pyromorphite, 
Monazite, vivianite, wavellite, apatite, 
Gypsum, chlorite, epsomite, melanterite, barite, 
Azarite, malachite, hydrozincite, lanthanite, 
Smithsonite, cerrussite, chalcauthite, kalinite, 
Calcite, carbonate of lime, dolomite, siderite, 
And coal, bituminous, cannel, and anthracite. 
To an iron manufacturer very well known 
I am indebted for this list, W. M. Bowron. 
These treasures long hidden he has brought to public view, 
Found in Chattanooga district, he can locate them, too. 



Tennessee gave the first coke, pig-iron made in the South ; 
A Federal officer brought her capabilities forth. 
General Wilder, while soldiering in East Tennessee, 
Discovered large deposits of ore in Roane county. 
At the close of the war he returned and organized 
A company, built a furnace, pig-iron was realized. 
Then the attention of the nation was directed 
To our infant industry, though many objected 
To the cut in prices and the tariff' reduction. 
Caused by statements made as to the cost of production. 
H. S. Chamberlain and H. Clay Evans each owns shares 
In this plant, which is a fortune in itself unawares. 
The Chattanooga Iron Company was established 
By McLain,of Florida, the money was furnished; 
Joseph E. Brown, of Georgia, and Warner, of Tennessee, 
Owned it for years, and run it very successfully. 
Chattanooga has two furnaces in operation ; 
There are twenty-four more in the State I could mention, 
That are firmly established with a good business deal. 
For iron is made from which thev can manufacture steel. 



258 TENNESSEE CENTENNIAL POEM. 

Colonel A. INI. Shook, of Franklin county, Tennessee. 

Has been yeai's engaged in the coal, iron industry. 

He was a Confederate soldier — one of Forrest's men ; 

His record is understood ; we know where he has been. 

He began selling coal and iron railway supplies, 

But soon became able both to manage and advise. 

He built and managed for years the furnace at Cowan ; 

Was associated with Baxter and John H. Inmau. 

He is vice-president of a coal and iron company, 

Lives in Tracy City and practices philanthropy. 

Our pioneers carried iron into the State on horseback ; 

The iron horse now carries it out on the railway track. 

Four hundred and sixty-five thousand gross tons per year, 

From twenty-six furnaces and improvements appear. 

There are eighty-seven coal mines operated in the State, 

Some are suspended for awhile, but have not long to wait. 

The total coal production for Eighteen Ninety-one 

Was two million five hundred twenty-seven thousand tons. 



The marble quarries have increased largely in ten years. 

Twenty-two are operated, which ship, it appears, 

Twenty-five thousand tons per year from East Tennessee, 

But the Hawkins county marble exceeds in beauty. 

This quarry was opened nearly sixty years ago; 

Dr. Troost, the State geologist, was the first to show 

Its beauty and its value; a block of which was sent 

To the capital for the Washington monument, 

Bearing the inscription "From Hawkins County, Tennessee." 

The State also sent a block of her best variety. 

The building committee was so pleased with this marble, 

That after finding the su])ply inexhaustible, 

Used it to ornament the capitol at Washington; 

Being expensive, is not Jised for general construction. 

Orville Rice, a gentleman esteemed by one and all, 

Was president of this company, lived at "Marble Hall." 

Knox county is largely engaged in the marble business, 

Several companies use machinery making progress. ' 



TENNESSEE CENTENNIAL POEM. 1(^9 

Knoxville now numbers ber industries by the dozens, 

This select, aristocratic city of cousins. 

Polk county boasts eight copper mines, Bradley county lead; 

Jefferson mines zinc. Union and Claiborne too, 'tis said; 

Fentress, Scott, Putnam, Overton, and Pickett have struck oil. 

And speculators are hasting to purchase their soil. 

Tennessee manufactures lumber, flour, and meal. 

Leather, packed meats, carriages, wagons, iron, and steel ; 

Machine-shop products, tin and copper-ware, cotton goods. 

Cotton-seed oil, and furniture made of all hard woods; 

Plows, brooms, stoves of all kinds, and what is best yet to know. 

The "Southern Queen" range, manufactured by T. A. Snow. 

She has medicine factories and mineral springs. 

Twenty famous resorts that annual revenue brings; 

And medicinal plants, the commercial value of which 

Would in time make an intelligent collector rich. 

Cotton factories, paper and woolen mills, tanneries too, 

The largest is owned by Fayerweather and Ladew, 

Located in Chattanooga, the produce amounts 

To one million dollars a year from the last accounts. 



The first steamboat which coursed the rivers of Tennessee 

AVas built for Governor Cannon, named for "Old Hickory," 

The "General Jackson," in Eighteen hundred and Eighteen. 

During the next seven years fifteen to twenty were seen. 

Among them the "Atlas," which first passed the Muscle shoals. 

The captain was dined at Knoxville, and over flowing bowls 

Predicted for steamboat men a flattering career, 

We see fulfilled the augury of this pioneer. 

The Onega, Ocoee, Warner, and the Spring Hill, 

The Kindrick, the Chattanooga, with others at will. 

Ply the Tennessee with cargoes of produce and grain. 

And ore from the mines to furnaces; others again. 

Carry pleasure parties from Chattanooga to Shellmouud, 

Through the "suck," and the "skillet," where Niekajack is found. 

That erstwhile bloody cavern is now a pleasure resort, 

AVhere picnic paVties spend the d-iy, and after the sport 



170 TENNESSEE CENTENNIAL POEM. 

Take the Nashville and Chattanooga home for one fare; 

Some dine on the steamboat who wish to he free from care. 

Tennessee is famous for her beautiful timber lands; 

When it comes to value she exceeds in her demands 

All other States; her forests furnish every kind of tree 

Known in the United States, and this diversity 

Caused by different elevations give a soil and climate 

Which produces every variety without limit. 

I could fill a volume with a description of her trees, 

Her rivers and her mountains, gushing springs and summer breeze; 

Her hills and vales, her creeks and brooks that bubble, dash, and 

How 
Through meadow, glade, and mountain gorge, forming cascades be- 
low. 
The ''Switzerland of America" is a hackneyed phrase. 
It does not describe her beauty nor accord half her praise. 
With varied scenery and beautiful sunsets she vies 
With Spain, sunny France, and the boasted Italian skies. 
But this must be seen — must be felt — Lookout's sacred brow 
Would compel a skeptic to the Creator's homage bow! 
Mountains always suggest with terrible significance. 
The supreme authority — our God's omnipotence; 
Like frozen waves of a world on fire stopped at his word, 
Their stiffened billows waiting till orders to move are heard. 
And the clouds that rise around them, balancing in air. 
That continue to puzzle scientists' why and where, 
Are to me the smoke of incense, our morning sacrifice, 
Offered in gratitude to God, our father in the skies. 
The rocks would lose their grandeur but for the shrubs and flowers 
Which God has shed upon them lavishly in showers. 
The lichens on the rocks cling to their abiding place, 
And the ferns in every crevice adorn it with grace. 
The "trees were God's first temples," the ferns were carpets rare^ 
From the tall Osmundas to the delicate Maidenhair. 
Lookout is adorable the entire year around. 
By a lover of nature her beauties may be found. 
The Andromeda has a new dress for every season. 
And other plants seem to change as with reason. 



TENNESSEE CENTENNIAL POEM. 17L 

The azaleas, rhododendron, laurel and arbutus 

Come every season, showing how God careth for us. 

Lookout has large significant rocks, drives, lakes, and cascades ; 

Is dotted with summer homes and hotels of all grades. 

From Point Hotel the scenery is most enchanting ; 

The Inn is more commodious, has more gallanting. 

It is now the South's greatest summer resort, 

The historic surroundings make it a place of imp(»rt. 

It is reached by the broad-gauge road and the new incline ; 

Keeps a livery, and the driving is very fine. 

Of all Tennessee's attractions, and they are legion, 

This is the most picturesque, n)agnificeut region. 

Chattanooga, not sixty years old, has attained 
A growth that is wonderful; can hardly be explained. 
From henceforth she is to be the Mecca of the nation, 
Nature made her beautiful, war gave association. 
Tlie graceful Tennessee river encircles her neck. 
More than a dozen railroads come and go at her beck. 
She has furnaces and factories and mills that grind corn, 
Flour mills, beautiful streets and churches that adorn. 
Good newspapers, banks, })ublic schools, electric railroads 
And dummy lines running miles to suburban abodes. 
She has a system of waterworks and a steel bridge. 
And cars running to the top of Missionary Ridge. 
All that is wanting to stimulate progression, 
Is deliverance from this financial depression. 

Knoxville, the centennial city, has steady growth ; 

Is constantly bringing her capabilities forth. 

She is built on the Tennessee, has beautiful views, 

Good schools and churches of all kinds from which one may choose^ 

She has marble mills, knitting mills, and mills to grind grain, 

An asylum for the deaf and dumb and the insane. 

Has good newspapers, banks, and the university. 

And a beautiful " Island Home " for diversity ; 

Was the first capital, cherishes memories dear, 

And contains the ashes of chivalrous John Sevier. 



^J2 TENNESSEE CENTENNIAL POEM. 

Memphis has outgrown her original intentions; 

Is now a city of magnificent dimensions, 

Built on the Mississippi, she has the advantage 

Of both railroad transj)ortation and steamboat carriage. 

Her greatness was thrust upon her by her location ; 

Is a cotton market of importance to the nation. 

Added to her commercial interests she has manufactures 

And a custom-house which is one of her best structures ; 

Has schools, newspapers, banks, churches all of the first class^ 

And talented lawyers have moved there en masse. 

Other smaller cities are working with a will; 
Jackson, Murfreesboro, Columbia, and Clarksville, 
Brownsville, Fayetteville, Bristol, Lebanon, 
Morristown, and Harriman will be important anon. 

Nashville, our metropolis, is pleasantly situated 

On the winding Cumberland, slightly elevated. 

Settled by substantial men, has maintained steady growth ; 

Laid off in the good old-fashioned manner of the South. 

A city of palatial homes and cottages as well. 

Where her people under their " own vines and fig trees " dwell. 

Her business interests are diverse, and manufactures 

Boast seventy different industries, including structures. 

She has eighty institutions of learning, her crown ; 

Public schools, seminaries, colleges of renown, 

Liberally endowed, is the home of education ; 

Her teachers are men of national reputation. 

She has notable public buildings, her capitol 

Built in the style of ancient Greece of Tennessee marble. 

With State chambers, library, and judiciary. 

She has in construction a new penitentiary, 

Has the home and tomb of James K. Polk and Jackson's too. 

Twelve miles distant, the road is fine with beautiful view. 

A hero on whose memory she fondly loves to dwell, 

James Robertson, her founder, is buried there as well. 

She has insane asylums and Confederate soldiers' home. 

Where her aged, disabled veterans are welcome ; 



TENNESSEE CENTENNIAL POEM. 27,^ 

Masonic widows' and orphans' home, noted places, 

Fort Negley, with its ramparts and other war traces. 

Her " own plan of government " and electric railroads, 

She provides all that the capital of Tennessee 

Shonld have attained at the end of her first century. 

Tennessee promises the States, the world, both new and old. 

An exposition, when she will her beauties unfold. 

She will exhibit her treasures to their admiring gaze, 

And entertain them for one hundred and eighty days. 

A sight has been selected, adorned with trees and flowers. 

And buildings of unique design with pillars and towers 

Are in process of construction, will soon be completed. 

Each county will have a building where you will be greeted. 

Agriculture, commerce, machinery, transportation. 

Woman's, children's, the Parthenon, one for oration. 

Minerals, forestry, live-stock, amusement features, 

Fifty acres for the children, dear little creatures. 

Who are working with might and main all over the State 

To raise funds for their building, where they will congregate. 

The negroes will have a showing ; those of enterprise 

Are preparing to give the government a surprise. 

The building for plants and flowers will be attractive and large,. 

George M. Bradt, of Chattanooga, will have that in charge. 

The exposition officers are men of affairs. 

Of wide reputation have had responsible cares. 

General J. W. Thomas is their president, 

A native of Nashville, of that city now resident. 

He graduated at Union University 

At Murfreesboro with first honor before maturity. 

Then served as tutor three years in that institution ; 

His health failed, and under advice of his physician 

Resigned his position and kept hotel for three years. 

As station agent at Murfreesboro next appears. 

AVent South with the company's rolling-stock in Sixty-three, 

Was made auditor when he returned to Tennessee. 

Was general superintendent in Sixty-eight, 

For general manager's place he had not long to wait; 



]^74 TENNESSEE CENTENNIAL POEM. 

Was made president in Eighty-four, a lucky day 

For the Nashville, Chattanooga and St. Louis Railway. 

Since he took charge of the road and superintended 

Its mileage has increased, one thousand miles extended. 

Other exposition officers are V. L. Kirkman, 

John Overton, Jr., and W. li. Henderson, 

S. A. Champion, E. C. Lewis, A. W. Wills, 

Frank Goodman, W. P. Tanner ; they present no bills 

For service rendered, but are patriotic men. 

The exposition, in fact, is no money-making scheme; 

It is being built by the people of Tennessee 

To show her resources, treasures, and her history. 



June the first. Ninety-six, is her one-hundredth birthday. 

Assembled in Nashville, in her holiday array 

She will have a jubilee, yes a grand occasion. 

Contrasting with privation and Indian invasion. 

The president and cabinet and government troops, 

The Marine band and citizens arranged into groups, 

AVill join the grand parade, and in the Auditorium, 

Presented by the " Arbiter Elegantiarum, " 

A prayer will be offered, a poem read by provision. 

An address made by a man from each grand division : 

A. A. Taylor of Watauga for East Tennessee, 

J. M. Dickinson of Nashville, Middle Tennessee, 

And E. W. Camack of Memphis for West Tennessee. 

The exercises will be continued through two days. 

First speeches, sham battle, and pyrotechnical displays. 

Assembled Tennesseeans from East, Middle, and West, 

On this the day of thy rejoicing I put thee to test, 

Erase the lines of division, meet each as a brother. 

And like the martyred Garfield, j)lace a chair for thy mother, 

And point to her with pride, honest old East Tennessee, 

Although she's wrinkled and gray and bowed with infirmity! 

Having kept the commandment with promise faithfully, 

^^Thy days will be long in the land thy God giveth thee." 



